How Deployments Affect Service Members

Hosek, James; Kavanagh, Jennifer; Miller, Laura L.

doi:10.1037/e660572007-001

“…However, approximately half of ser vice members experience additional difficulties associated with the military lifestyle such as deployment and adjustment issues, employment issues, or other concerns as a result of combat stress (Denning, Meisnere, and Warner, 2014;Castro, Kintzle, and Hassan, 2015). Military life may also place stressors on ser vice members as a product of frequent relocations, heavy workloads, a mismatch between skills and job duties, and financial stressors (Hosek, Kavanagh, and Miller, 2006;Clemens and Milsom, 2008).…”

Section: Ser Vice Member Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ser vice members who deploy and separate from their families may experience psychological trauma as well as environmental and physiological stressors in combat zones, as well as the negative consequences of working for extended periods of time without time off (Hosek, Kavanagh, and Miller, 2006;Tanielian et al, 2014). Upon return from deployment, reintegration with family and into civilian life can produce a "reverse culture shock" experience, and may manifest as feelings of guilt, insecurity, hypervigilance, or feeling "out of sync" or "out of control" (Hosek, Kavanagh, and Miller, 2006;Hassan et al, 2010;Koenig et al, 2014;Castro, Kintzle, and Hassan, 2015).…”

Section: Ser Vice Member Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon return from deployment, reintegration with family and into civilian life can produce a "reverse culture shock" experience, and may manifest as feelings of guilt, insecurity, hypervigilance, or feeling "out of sync" or "out of control" (Hosek, Kavanagh, and Miller, 2006;Hassan et al, 2010;Koenig et al, 2014;Castro, Kintzle, and Hassan, 2015).…”

Section: Ser Vice Member Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…U.S. military conflicts of the first de cade of the twenty-first century (e.g., OEF, OIF) were characterized by a general increase in troop levels, as well as an increased operational tempo which resulted in longer and more frequent deployments and shorter "dwell times" between deployments for many ser vice members (Hosek, Kavanagh, and Miller, 2006;Danish and Antonides, 2009). Reservists were called upon more than in previous years to deploy overseas, leaving civilian jobs and communities (Danish and Antonides, 2009).…”

Section: Changing Needs Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of U.S. Military Non-Medical Counseling Programs

Trail¹,

Martin²,

Burgette³

et al. 2017

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This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1861Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication.ISBN: 978-0-8330-9884-9 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND CorporationR® is a registered trademark. Cover: U.S. Air Force photo/Airman,1st Class Deana Heitzman.iii This report provides detailed findings of RAND NDRI's analy sis based on two surveys provided to program participants-the first two to three weeks after participating in counseling sessions and the second three months later. We designed the surveys to gain information on improvement in the prob lems for which the participant sought help; whether negative impacts on their work and daily lives had subsided; whether improvements were sustained in the short and long term (i.e., over three months); and participant perceptions about the program itself and the counselors with whom they worked.The report should be of interest to policymakers and program leadership. Policymakers can use study findings as they make decisions about continuation and expansion of nonmedical counseling provided through MFLC and Military OneSource. Program leadership can determine where the program is most effective and for whom, and can use the findings to pinpoint program areas in need of improvement or greater attention.This research was sponsored by ODASD (MC&FP) and conducted within the Forces and Resources Policy Center of RAND NDRI, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence Community.For more information on the RAND Forces and Resources Policy Center, see http:// www.rand.org/nsrd/ndri/centers/frp.html or contact the director (contact information is provided on the web page). SummaryMilitary families face normal stresses that most families face, such as financial strain, stressful life...

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“…Also, the amount of deployment experienced by a soldier may influence overall perceptions (but note that there is evidence that deployments may be viewed either positively or negatively). (See Totten, 2002, andHosek, Kavanagh, andMiller, 2005. ) Of course, the circumstances surrounding a soldier's decision to leave the Army are likely to have an effect as well; soldiers who are separated involuntarily may be ineligible to join the RC in some cases and may be unlikely to do so in other cases, as may be those who separated voluntarily but were unhappy with their experience with the AC or with their experiences with RC personnel while serving in the AC.…”

Section: Previous Experience With the Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening Prior Service--Civil Life Gains and Continuum of Service Accessions into the Army's Reserve Components

Wenger¹,

Orvis²,

Stebbins³

et al. 2016

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This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest.RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org iii PrefaceThis document reports the results of the study "Army Accessions Prior Service-Civil Life Gains and Continuum of Service Market Potential Study," which aimed to improve the active component (AC) to reserve component (RC) transition process of former active-duty soldiers. To this end, we focus on identifying and characterizing the personnel who are most likely to transition from the AC to the RC and the typical timing of transitions. We also examine the effects of other factors, such as the civilian unemployment rate or the location of the last AC base, on this decision.We describe our findings, which are based on both qualitative information from focus groups and quantitative estimates from personnel data, in this document. The findings should be of interest to RC policymakers and staff concerned with recruiting and retaining reserve personnel.

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