How did respiratory syncytial virus and other pediatric respiratory viruses change during the COVID‐19 pandemic?

Kahanowitch, R.; Gaviria, S.; Aguilar, Hector; Gayoso, Giuliana; Chorvinksy, Elizabeth; Bera, B.S.; Rodríguez‐Martínez, Carlos E.; Gutiérrez, María J.; Niño, Gustavo

doi:10.1002/ppul.26053

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…14 A retrospective review in the USA showed only 1.4% of cases were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and RSV simultaneously in 2021. 88 In Italy, the co-infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses was around 7.6% in all positive samples. None of these cases showed co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and RSV.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Co-infection With Respiratory Syncytial Virusmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Narrative Review

Chuang¹,

Lin²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common respiratory viruses. It not only affects young children but also the elderly and immunocompromised patients. After the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, a dramatic reduction in RSV activity was found, which coincided with the implementation of public health and social measures (PHSMs). However, the correlation is more complicated than we initially thought. After PHSMs were gradually lifted, a seasonality shift and a delayed RSV outbreak with greater number of infected patients were found in numerous countries, such as Israel, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, France, United States, and Japan. Several hypotheses and possible reasons explaining the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and RSV were mentioned. Since RSV vaccinations are still under investigation, administration of palivizumab should be considered in high-risk patients. In the post-COVID-19 era, greater attention should be paid to a further resurgence of RSV. In this narrative review, we conducted a thorough review of the current knowledge on the epidemiology of RSV during the COVID-19 era, the out-of-season outbreak of RSV, and the data on co-infection with RSV and SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Co-infection With Respiratory Syncytial Virusmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Narrative Review

Chuang¹,

Lin²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

IDR

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“…Among hospitalized children, we report 7% RSV‐positive cases with co‐infections of RSV and SARS‐CoV‐2, while only a single case (0.9%) was detected with both RSV and influenza. According to a retrospective review study in United States 2021, only 1.4% were co‐infected with RSV and SARS‐CoV‐2, 31 while in UK, between February 2020 and December 2021, 3.2% were co‐infected with RSV and SARS‐CoV‐2 32 . Studies from Italy, Poland, and South Africa did not report such co‐infections, 33–35 however, in Iran and Brazil they found high rates of co‐infections with SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza, ranging from 9.7% to 22.3% 36,37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in hospitalized children during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Gorgan, Iran

Ramzali,

Salimi,

Cheraghali

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection in infants and young children. Given the altered circulation patterns of respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease pandemic‐2019 (COVID‐19), the study aimed to evaluate epidemiology and clinical features of RSV infections in hospitalized children during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Gorgan, northeastern Iran. Molecular epidemiology studies on respiratory viral infections are necessary to monitor circulating viruses, disease severity, and clinical symptoms, in addition to early warning of new outbreaks.MethodsOverall, 411 respiratory swab samples from hospitalized children from October 2021 to March 2022 were collected at Taleghani Children's Hospital, Gorgan, Iran. The incidence of RSV, as well as the circulating subgroups and genotypes, were investigated and confirmed using PCR methods. Additionally, all samples tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and influenza, and demographic and clinical data were analyzed using SPSS software.ResultsThe share of RSV, SARS‐CoV‐2, and influenza among hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) were 27%, 16.5%, and 4.1%, respectively. The RSV subgroup A (genotype ON1) was dominant over subgroup B (genotype BA9), with more severe clinical symptoms. Compared with the prepandemic era there were high numbers of hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 positive children and low numbers of other respiratory viruses. Despite this, the prevalence of ALRI‐related RSV‐disease among hospitalized children in our specialized pediatric center was higher than COVID‐19 disease in the same cohort.ConclusionsStudying the epidemiology of respiratory viruses and determining the circulating strains can contribute to effective infection control and treatment strategies.

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“…20 We suggest several explanations for our findings: (1) the enforced social distancing and restrictions measures were associated with a lower rate of respiratory viral diseases, representing true lower AOM rates during the COVID years. Several reports support this theory by reporting on a significant reduction in isolations of human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus during the first COVID year [21][22][23] ; (2) The fluctuations in AOM burden during the COVID years coincided with the alternating lockdown/relaxation periods in Israel. The "seasonal switch" observed during the first two COVID years, with higher AOM incidence rates during the summer and lower incidence rates during the winter, can be attributed to the major lockdowns and educational institutions closure during the winter months in both COVID years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations in Pediatric Acute Otitis Media Burden During the First Two COVID-19 Years in Israel

Zloczower

Pitaro

Hazan

et al. 2022

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: To study pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) burden fluctuations before and during the first two COVID years, which were characterized by measures to reduce the spread of airborne diseases. We used urinary tract infection (UTI) as a comparison infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study encompassing three pre-COVID years (March 1, 2017–February 29, 2020) and the first two COVID years (March 1, 2020–February 28, 2021, and March 1, 2021-February 28, 2022). Records were retrieved from the Clalit Health Services database, Israel’s largest healthcare maintenance organization. Children 0–15 years with AOM and UTI episodes were categorized according to age (1>, 1–4, 5–15 years). We collected demographics, seasonality, AOM complications, antibiotic prescriptions, and recent COVID-19 infections. The average AOM/UTI rates of the three pre-COVID years vs. two COVID years were used to calculate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Results: We identified 1,102,826 AOM and 121,263 UTI episodes. The median age at AOM diagnosis was 2.0 years (IQR, 1.1–4.1). Male predominance, age at presentation, and the dominant age group of 1–4 years did not change during the COVID years. While UTI episode rates decreased during the COVID years (IRR 0.76, 95% CI, 0.68–0.84, P < 0.001), the reduction in AOM episode rates was >2-fold (IRR 0.46, 95% CI, 0.34–0.63, P < 0.001). The largest decrease was observed among children 1–4 years old during the first COVID year (β=−1,938 AOM episodes/100,00 children, 95% CI, −2,038 to −1,912, P < 0.001). Recent COVID-19 infection was associated with low AOM morbidity (IRR 0.05, 95% CI 0.05–0.05, P < 0.001). Conclusions: AOM burden substantially decreased during the first COVID year but almost reached pre-pandemic levels during the second year.

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How did respiratory syncytial virus and other pediatric respiratory viruses change during the COVID‐19 pandemic?

Abstract: The seasonal cycle of pediatric respiratory viral illnesses in temperate regions, like the U.S., occurs in a similar pattern every year This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Narrative Review

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Narrative Review

Epidemiology and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in hospitalized children during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Gorgan, Iran

Fluctuations in Pediatric Acute Otitis Media Burden During the First Two COVID-19 Years in Israel

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