How different is early-onset childhood disintegrative disorder from autistic disorder with speech loss?

Abstract

<p class="MsoNormal"> <p> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;">To examine the difference between early-onset (< age 3) childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) and autistic disorder with speech loss (ADSL), 8 children <span>with early-onset CDD (mean age = 7.6 years, SD = 3.8;</span> 6 males) were compared with 92 age and gender-ratio comparable children with ADSL (mean age = 6.8 years, SD = 4.1; 70 males) on 24 variables not directly related to the key features of CDD (regression after normal development for at least the first 2 years after birth). Compared with the ADSL group, the early-onset CDD group had a tendency to have a higher rate of a psychosocial event before speech loss (SL) (early-onset CDD, 75.0% vs ADSL, 37.0%, p = 0.057; effect size (phi) = 0.211, p < 0.05); a significantly higher rate of fearfulness during SL (62.5% vs 4.3%, p = 0.000; phi = 0.551, p < 0.05); and a tendency to have a higher rate of epilepsy (25.0% vs 3.3%, p = <span>0.050; phi = 0.271, p < 0.05), a tendency to have a lower</span> rate of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Tokyo Version (CARS-TV) total score ≥ 30 (75.0% vs 95.7%, p = 0.072; phi = 0.236, p < 0.05), and a significantly lower rate of CARS-TV item 2 (imitation) score ≥ 2 (50.0% vs 82.6%, p = 0.049; phi = 0.221, p < 0.05) on the first visit. The two groups did not exhibit any significant difference in the other 19 variables. The findings of no significant difference in the great majority and a significant difference in the small minor<span>ity of the 24 variables between the two groups support </span>integrating CDD into regressive autism spectrum disorder and studying CDD as its prototypical form.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"></span> </p> </p

Childhood disintegrative disorder and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review

“…We found a higher prevalence of loss of bowel and bladder function in CDD than in ASD with regression, suggesting that CDD is associated with more global impairments in adaptive functioning. Regression in CDD is more commonly associated with emotional symptoms of fear and anxiety than regression in ASD, a finding replicated by other authors, and there is probably a higher prevalence of psychotic symptoms in CDD compared with ASD, suggesting a different mental disturbance in the CDD phenotype. These qualitative differences may allude to differing neurobiological mechanisms for the conditions.…”

Developmental regression in children with autism based on parental reports: A crosssectional study from eastern India

“…A London based study screening 567 ASD children, reported that they found any 'household or social changes' to be significant triggers for regression [47]. Kurita et al [5] reported that precipitating events such as physical illness, psychosocial events such as birth of a sibling, parental absence together occurred in 25% of children as reported by parents. Similar result was observed by Goldberg et al [11] who stated that almost half the parents of 44 children were able to recall some precipitating event.…”

“…Heller, in 1908, reported six cases of severe mental regression in children with initial two years of normal development. He used the term 'dementia infantilis' or 'childhood disintegrative disorder' to describe this subgroup of children [5]. Currently, this entity is included under autism spectrum disorder in DSM-5.…”

“…We aimed to explore the prevalence of phenomena of regression in consideration with sociodemographic factors, birth history and events preceding said regression, which are theorized to be associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder; as well as, the patterns of its onset. In the present study, a broader definition of regression given by Kurrita and Inoue [5] has been used, which states that regression is any loss of previously acquired skills over a period of 3-6 months.…”