How do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi travel?

Bueno, C. Guillermo; Moora, Mari

doi:10.1111/nph.15722

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Due to the long-distance dispersal limitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to the islands [10], an absence of mycorrhizal fungi on newly formed island land masses is likely. This would be expected to act as a filter as the establishment of plants that rely on these symbiotic interactions would be selected against, and therefore reduce the establishment of mycorrhizal dependent plants [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbionts as Filters of Plant Colonization of Islands: Tests of Expected Patterns and Environmental Consequences in the Galapagos

Duchicela

Bever

Schultz

2020

Plants

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The establishments of new organisms that arrive naturally or with anthropogenic assistance depend primarily on local conditions, including biotic interactions. We hypothesized that plants that rely on fungal symbionts are less likely to successfully colonize remote environments such as oceanic islands, and this can shape subsequent island ecology. We analyzed the mycorrhizal status of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos flora compared with the mainland Ecuador flora of origin. We experimentally determined plant responsiveness and plant–soil feedback of the island flora and assessed mycorrhizal density and soil aggregate stability of island sites. We found that a greater proportion of the native island flora species belongs to families that typically do not associate with mycorrhizal fungi than expected based upon the mainland flora of origin and the naturalized flora of the island. Native plants benefited significantly less from soil fungi and had weaker negative soil feedbacks than introduced species. This is consistent with the observation that field sites dominated by native plant species had lower arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal density and lower soil aggregate stability than invaded field sites at the island. We found support for a mycorrhizal filter to the initial colonization of the Galapagos.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbionts as Filters of Plant Colonization of Islands: Tests of Expected Patterns and Environmental Consequences in the Galapagos

Duchicela

Bever

Schultz

2020

Plants

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“…Thus, if large spores might limit dispersal at smaller (e.g. intra-continental) scales in AMF [22, 89], this does not seem to affect diversification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous dated phylogenetic tree of AMF VT found that most origination times occurred after the last major continental reconfiguration around 100 Myr ago 18 , suggesting that AMF diversification is not linked to vicariant speciations during this geological event. Still, geographical speciation could play an important role in AMF diversification, as these organisms have spores that disperse efficiently over long distances [19][20][21] , which could result in frequent founder-event speciation 22 . Other abiotic factors include habitat: it has for example been suggested that tropical grasslands are diversification hotspots for AMF 23 .…”

Section: Introduction (500 Words)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global drivers of obligate mycorrhizal symbionts diversification

Perez‐Lamarque

Öpik

Maliet

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread microfungi that provide mineral nutrients to most land plants and form one of the oldest terrestrial symbioses. They have often been referred to as an “evolutionary cul-de-sac” for their limited ecological and species diversity. Here we use a global database of AMF to analyze their diversification dynamics in the past 500 million years (Myr). We find that AMF have low diversification rates. After a diversification peak around 150 Myr ago, they experienced an important diversification slowdown in the last 100 Myr, likely related to a shrinking of their suitable ecological niches. Our results clarify patterns and drivers of diversification in a group of obligate symbionts of major ecological and evolutionary importance. They also highlight a striking example of a diversification slowdown that, instead of reflecting an adaptive radiation as typically assumed, results from a limited ability to colonize new niches in an evolutionary cul-de-sac.

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“…Co-introduction is not a common pathway for plants and AMF. Production of fewer and bigger spores than EM fungi, and the comparatively limited extent of AMF mycelia are likely to limit the dispersal of these fungi across large geographic distances (Denison and Kiers 2011; Bueno and Moora 2019). For EM fungi, long-distance dispersal is known to occur via spores (Peay et al .…”

Section: Eco-evolutionary Experience Is Important For Mycorrhizal Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights from invasion ecology: Can consideration of eco-evolutionary experience promote benefits from root mutualisms in plant production?

et al. 2019

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Mutualistic plant–microbial functioning relies on co-adapted symbiotic partners as well as conducive environmental conditions. Choosing particular plant genotypes for domestication and subsequent cultivar selection can narrow the gene pools of crop plants to a degree that they are no longer able to benefit from microbial mutualists. Elevated mineral nutrient levels in cultivated soils also reduce the dependence of crops on nutritional support by mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia. Thus, current ways of crop production are predestined to compromise the propagation and function of microbial symbionts, limiting their long-term benefits for plant yield stability. The influence of mutualists on non-native plant establishment and spread, i.e. biological invasions, provides an unexplored analogue to contemporary crop production that accounts for mutualistic services from symbionts like rhizobia and mycorrhizae. The historical exposure of organisms to biotic interactions over evolutionary timescales, or so-called eco-evolutionary experience (EEE), has been used to explain the success of such invasions. In this paper, we stress that consideration of the EEE concept can shed light on how to overcome the loss of microbial mutualist functions following crop domestication and breeding. We propose specific experimental approaches to utilize the wild ancestors of crops to determine whether crop domestication compromised the benefits derived from root microbial symbioses or not. This can predict the potential for success of mutualistic symbiosis manipulation in modern crops and the maintenance of effective microbial mutualisms over the long term.

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How do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi travel?

Abstract: This article is a Commentary on Correia et al., 222: 1054–1060.

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Symbionts as Filters of Plant Colonization of Islands: Tests of Expected Patterns and Environmental Consequences in the Galapagos

Symbionts as Filters of Plant Colonization of Islands: Tests of Expected Patterns and Environmental Consequences in the Galapagos

Global drivers of obligate mycorrhizal symbionts diversification

Insights from invasion ecology: Can consideration of eco-evolutionary experience promote benefits from root mutualisms in plant production?

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