How do biological control and hybridization affect enemy escape?

Blair, Amy C.; Schaffner, Urs; Häfliger, Patrick; Meyer, Sandro; Hufbauer, Ruth A.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.04.014

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Seven seed‐head and four root herbivore invertebrate species have been introduced as biological control agents to limit the spread of spotted knapweed in North America (Müller‐Schärer & Schroeder, ). Control programmes using seed‐head herbivores have been quite successful, and the loads of these herbivore species are now comparable in both ranges, but spotted knapweed has still largely escaped the effects of root herbivores (Blair et al ., ). In addition, laboratory feeding bioassays of generalist invertebrate herbivores from the native and introduced ranges of spotted knapweed have shown that the growth of North American generalist herbivores is far lower when fed on spotted knapweed than the growth of European generalists (Schaffner et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Contrasting spatio‐temporal climatic niche dynamics during the eastern and western invasions of spotted knapweed in North America

Broennimann

Mráz

Petitpierre

et al. 2014

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe), a plant native to south-east and central Europe, is highly invasive in North America. We investigated the spatiotemporal climatic niche dynamics of the spotted knapweed in North America along two putative eastern and western invasion routes. We then considered the patterns observed in the light of historical, ecological and evolutionary factors.Location Europe and North America.Methods The niche characteristics of the east and west invasive populations of spotted knapweed in North America were determined from documented occurrences over 120 consecutive years . For this investigation, the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of values along temperature and precipitation gradients, as given by the two first axes of a principal components analysis (PCA), were calculated. We additionally measured the climatic dissimilarity between invaded sites and the native niche using a multivariate environmental similarity surface (MESS) analysis.Results Along both invasion routes, the species established in regions with climatic conditions that were similar to those in the native niche. An initial spread in ruderal habitats always preceded spread in (semi-)natural habitats. In the east, the niche gradually increased over time until it reached limits similar to the native niche. Conversely, in the west the niche abruptly expanded after an extended time lag into climates not occupied in the native range; only the native cold niche limit was conserved.Main conclusions Our study reveals that different niche dynamics have taken place during the eastern and western invasions. This pattern indicates different combinations of historical, ecological and evolutionary factors in the two ranges. We hypothesize that the lack of a well-developed transportation network in the west at the time of the introduction of spotted knapweed confined the species to a geographically and climatically isolated region. The invasion of dry rangelands may have been favoured during the agricultural transition in the 1930s by release from natural enemies, local adaptation and less competitive vegetation, but further experimental and molecular studies are needed to explain these contrasting niche patterns fully. Our study illustrates the need and benefit of applying large-scale, temporally explicit approaches to understanding biological invasions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Contrasting spatio‐temporal climatic niche dynamics during the eastern and western invasions of spotted knapweed in North America

Broennimann

Mráz

Petitpierre

et al. 2014

Journal of Biogeography

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“…; USDA, ). Field surveys of C. diffusa reveal differing impacts of herbivores between ranges, with North American plants experiencing more seedhead herbivory, and European plants experiencing more root herbivory (Blair et al ., ). The seedhead weevil, Larinus minutus (Col.: Curculionidae), introduced in the late 1990s, is the biological control agent associated with the largest decline in density of knapweed species, including C. diffusa (Seastedt et al ., ; Myers et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid evolution of an invasive weed

2013

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SummaryTrade-offs between performance and the ability to tolerate abiotic and biotic stress have been suggested to explain both the success of invasive species and phenotypic differentiation between native and invasive populations. It is critical to sample broadly across both ranges and to account for latitudinal clines and maternal effects when testing this premise.Wild-collected Centaurea diffusa seeds were grown in benign and stressful conditions (drought, flooding, nutrient stress and simulated herbivory), to evaluate whether native and introduced individuals differ in performance or life history phenotypes. A second experiment used glasshouse-grown seeds to evaluate whether patterns remain comparable when maternal environment is consistent.Many traits differed between ranges, and in all cases but one, invasive individuals grew larger, performed better, or matured later. No trade-off in performance with herbivore defense was evident. Invasive populations may have been released from a trade-off between growth and drought tolerance apparent in the native range.Larger individuals with delayed maturity and greater reproductive potential have evolved in invasive populations, a pattern evident across broad population sampling, and after latitude and maternal environment were considered. Release from abiotic stress tolerance trade-offs may be important for the invasion success of Centaurea diffusa.

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“…Indeed, hybridization has been implicated in numerous plant invasions (Ellstrand and Schierenbeck 2000;Schierenbeck and Ellstrand 2009), with several hybrid taxa evolving larger size or higher fecundity than either parent species or outcompeting and replacing parent species (Campbell et al 2006;Whitney et al 2006;Ridley and Ellstrand 2010). Invasive plant hybrids indirectly threaten native communities and pose difficulty to land managers who are responsible for their control (Vila et al 2000;Blair et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In native systems, herbivores can distinguish among hybrid genotypes (Fritz et al 1998;McGuire and Johnson 2006), and hybrid plants can have more or less resistance to attack compared with their parent species (Whitham 1989;Fritz et al 1999;Krebs et al 2011). In invasive plant systems, hybridization can affect the frequency of herbivore attack, especially when hybrids are compared as a group to their parent species (Blair et al 2008;Krebs et al 2011;Cuda et al 2012). However, little is known about how susceptibility to herbivory varies across levels of species introgression in invasive plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization of an invasive shrub affects tolerance and resistance to defoliation by a biological control agent

Williams

Friedman

Gaskin

et al. 2014

Evolutionary Applications

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Evolution has contributed to the successful invasion of exotic plant species in their introduced ranges, but how evolution affects particular control strategies is still under evaluation. For instance, classical biological control, a common strategy involving the utilization of highly specific natural enemies to control exotic pests, may be negatively affected by host hybridization because of shifts in plant traits, such as root allocation or chemical constituents. We investigated introgression between two parent species of the invasive shrub tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) in the western United States, and how differences in plant traits affect interactions with a biological control agent. Introgression varied strongly with latitude of origin and was highly correlated with plant performance. Increased levels of T. ramosissima introgression resulted in both higher investment in roots and tolerance to defoliation and less resistance to insect attack. Because tamarisk hybridization occurs predictably on the western U.S. landscape, managers may be able to exploit this information to maximize control efforts. Genetic differentiation in plant traits in this system underpins the importance of plant hybridization and may explain why some biological control releases are more successful than others.

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How do biological control and hybridization affect enemy escape?

Cited by 15 publications

References 67 publications

Contrasting spatio‐temporal climatic niche dynamics during the eastern and western invasions of spotted knapweed in North America

Contrasting spatio‐temporal climatic niche dynamics during the eastern and western invasions of spotted knapweed in North America

Rapid evolution of an invasive weed

Hybridization of an invasive shrub affects tolerance and resistance to defoliation by a biological control agent

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