How do carbohydrate quality indices influence on bone mass density in postmenopausal women? A case–control study

Abstract

Background Carbohydrates are the primary energy source in Asian countries, including Iran. An emerging method can be used to measure the quality of carbohydrates, including the carbohydrate quality index (CQI), which includes a variety of components. Low-carbohydrate diet score (LCDS) has been proposed as a new method of scoring micronutrient intake that could provide a reasonable explanation for the link between diet and the risk of chronic diseases. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CQI, LCDS, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), insulin load (IL), and insulin index (II) with bone mass density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Method In this case–control study, 131 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis/osteopenia and 131 healthy postmenopausal women aged 45–65 participated. The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method measured the BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Logistic regression were used to evaluate the relation between GI, GL, II, IL, CQI, and LCDS with BMD. Results Diets with higher GI increased the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis, but LCDS and CQI decreased the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Conclusion These findings suggest that a higher intake of fruits and vegetables and receiving various dietary vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds may be a useful way to prevent osteopenia in Iranian women.

Dietary Calcium Intake and Osteoporosis Risk in Arab Adults

“…In the present study, Ca intake from cake, biscuits and bread contributed to increased osteoporosis risk. These results are consistent with other observations which found that high glycemic index (GI) foods had negative consequences for bone health, including decreased osteoblast activity, increased bone resorption, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as the induction of acidosis [ 39 , 40 ]. In contrast, complex carbohydrates such as those found in vegetables, legumes and whole grains can increase Ca absorption and neutralize metabolic acid loads in the body [ 9 ].…”

Association between daily consumption of spicy food and bone mineral density in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study

“…2,5 Previous studies have indicated a correlation between dietary habits and BMD. Increased intake of milk, fruits, vegetables, and fish, or a Mediterranean dietary pattern, is associated with a reduced risk of BMD loss, [6][7][8][9] while the opposite is true for high-dose sugar and caffeine intake, or a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern. [10][11][12] However, there is still a lack of research on the relationship between spicy food consumption and BMD.…”