How Do Economic Variables Predict Access to Athletic Training Services?

Long, Ashley S; Scifers, James R.; Eilbacher, Craig

doi:10.3928/19425864-20170124-01

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…While this finding is somewhat novel given the variables utilized, it is not unsurprising as previous investigations have consistently identified that as SES O n l i n e F i r s t decreases, AT presence decreases as well. [8][9][10][11]13 Of particular note, previous research also identified that as school SES lowers, athletes per AT hour increased while AT hours at the school decreased. 10 The findings of the current study continue to strengthen the observed trends that athletes at lower SES schools (despite playing similar sports which carry presumably similar risk) have less access to ATs measured as AT presence, [8][9][10][11]13 AT contact hours, 10 or in the variables utilized in the present study (AT room visit days/injury, AT services/injury, and AT services/AT room visit days).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[8][9][10][11]13 Of particular note, previous research also identified that as school SES lowers, athletes per AT hour increased while AT hours at the school decreased. 10 The findings of the current study continue to strengthen the observed trends that athletes at lower SES schools (despite playing similar sports which carry presumably similar risk) have less access to ATs measured as AT presence, [8][9][10][11]13 AT contact hours, 10 or in the variables utilized in the present study (AT room visit days/injury, AT services/injury, and AT services/AT room visit days). The observed differences in access among school SES may lead to a variety of consequences that disproportionately affect lower SES communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The study of the relationship between school SES and athletic training practice is relatively novel with only six previously published articles identified through a literature search of MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The six previously published studies relied on percentage of students who qualified for free or reduced lunch, 9,10,12,13 state median household income, 11 county median household income, 10 or economic tier placement as assessed by the state. 8 Qualification of free and reduced lunch is determined by household income, meaning that the only information the athletic training community currently has in regard to how school SES may impact O n l i n e F i r s t athletic training practice is based solely on area-based income or economic stability, which only represents one of the five SDOH.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] The six previously published studies relied on percentage of students who qualified for free or reduced lunch, 9,10,12,13 state median household income, 11 county median household income, 10 or economic tier placement as assessed by the state. 8 Qualification of free and reduced lunch is determined by household income, meaning that the only information the athletic training community currently has in regard to how school SES may impact O n l i n e F i r s t athletic training practice is based solely on area-based income or economic stability, which only represents one of the five SDOH. 14 This is a limitation of previous research as there are other community characteristics, as described through the SDOH, that are associated with differences in health.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, our dataset cannot be used to identify athlete experiences at schools without an AT or with limited AT access, which may include a greater proportion of schools located in disadvantaged SES communities. 8,9,13 Further, level of detail in reporting may have differed by AT. Given the relatively small sample size of schools, we chose to keep all entries.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary School Socioeconomic Status and Athletic Training Practice Characteristics

Robison

Simon

Nelson

et al. 2021

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a significant predictor of morbidity and mortality across health outcomes. Limited information exists on how school SES impacts athletic training practice when a certified athletic trainer (AT) is present at secondary schools. Objective: To describe contact frequencies and service rates provided by ATs for injuries among secondary school student athletes and how these differ by school SES. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Athletic training room (ATR) visit days and AT services were collected from 77 secondary schools. Schools were separated into three school SES groups: affluent (n=31), average (n=29), and disadvantaged (n=17). Patients or Other Participants: Secondary school student-athletes participating in 12 boys' and 11 girls' sports who visited the ATR during the 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 academic years and received athletic or non-athletic injury care. Main Outcome Measures: Contact frequencies expressed as ATR visit days per injury, AT services per injury, and AT services per ATR visit day. Rates for service type utilized were expressed as the total count over reported athlete-exposures. Results: ATs documented 1,191 services. Affluent and average SES school communities provided greater contact frequencies for injury related care compared to disadvantaged school communities, particularly by AT services/injury (7.10±13.08 versus average: 9.30±11.60 and affluent: 9.40±12.20; p=0.020). Affluent school communities provided greater rates of services in five of the eleven service groups reported. No significant differences were observed among school SES groups in therapeutic exercises. Conclusions: Our findings reflect that AT practice characteristics may differ by school SES, but these differences do not appear to result in less medical care. Given the complexity and widespread effects of SES, future investigations should utilize a complex method to determine SES as well as aim to identify how SES may impact secondary school student athletes outside of AT practice characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary School Socioeconomic Status and Athletic Training Practice Characteristics

Robison

Simon

Nelson

et al. 2021

Journal of Athletic Training

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Focus areas and methodological characteristics of North American-based health disparity research in sports medicine: a scoping review

Kliethermes,

Asif,

Blauwet

et al. 2024

Br J Sports Med

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ObjectiveHealth disparities are widely prevalent; however, little has been done to examine and address their causes and effects in sports and exercise medicine (SEM). We aimed to summarise the focus areas and methodology used for existing North American health disparity research in SEM and to identify gaps in the evidence base.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesSystematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Eligibility criteriaFull-text, peer-reviewed manuscripts of primary research, conducted in North America; published in the year 2000 or after, in English; and focusing on organised sports were included.Results103 articles met inclusion criteria. Articles were classified into five focus areas: access to and participation in sports (n=45), access to SEM care (n=28), health-related outcomes in SEM (n=24), provider representation in SEM (n=5) and methodology (n=1). Race/ethnicity (n=39), socioeconomic status (n=28) and sex (n=27) were the most studied potential causes of health disparities, whereas sexual orientation (n=5), location (rural/urban/suburban, n=5), education level (n=5), body composition (n=5), gender identity (n=4) and language (n=2) were the least studied. Most articles (n=74) were cross-sectional, conducted on youth (n=55) and originated in the USA (n=90).ConclusionHealth disparity research relevant to SEM in North America is limited. The overall volume and breadth of research required to identify patterns in a heterogeneous sports landscape, which can then be used to inform positive change, need expansion. Intentional research focused on assessing the intersectionality, causes and consequences of health disparities in SEM is necessary.

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Sports Medicine Health Care Access in Michigan High Schools: Access to Athletic Trainers

Moeller

Ciecko²

2022

Curr Sports Med Rep

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How Do Economic Variables Predict Access to Athletic Training Services?

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Secondary School Socioeconomic Status and Athletic Training Practice Characteristics

Secondary School Socioeconomic Status and Athletic Training Practice Characteristics

Focus areas and methodological characteristics of North American-based health disparity research in sports medicine: a scoping review

Sports Medicine Health Care Access in Michigan High Schools: Access to Athletic Trainers

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