How do follower reef fishes find nuclear fishes?

Krajewski, João Paulo

doi:10.1007/s10641-009-9533-0

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Substrate disturbance is one of the most important predictors for the species acting as nuclear (Sazima et al, 2007;Krajewski, 2009). This is consistent with the results of the present study, since nuclear dominant species (P. lineatus and L. macrocephalus), that accounted for 93.4% of interactions, feed on benthic resources, causing the suspension of sediment during their feeding activities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The positive relationship between the attraction of followers and disturbance in the bottom during nuclear species activities has been observed in other studies (Matsumoto & Kohda, 2001;Krajewski, 2009). For example, Matsumoto & Kohda (2001) observed, in southern Japan, that the performance of repeated bites instead of simple bites by individuals of the reef fish Goniistius zonatus (=Cheilodactylus zonatus) resulted in greater substrate disturbance and, consequently, greater availability of food for the followers, increasing frequency and duration of the feeding association.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Habitat simplification affects nuclear-follower foraging association among stream fishes

et al. 2011

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Nuclear-follower interaction is a particular kind of interspecific foraging association that includes a nuclear species, which dig in or inspect the bottom, and follower species, which access the food items made available by the nuclear. In this study we examined the effect of habitat structure on nuclear-follower relationship in a stream of Bodoquena Plateau, Central-West Brazil. Foraging associations were registered while snorkeling in 24 observation sessions, totaling six hours in unaltered and altered sites. Overall, 272 nuclear-follower associations were registered, having four species acting as nuclear and seven as followers. The dominant nuclear species were different in each site. Prochilodus lineatus was the main nuclear species in the altered site and Leporinus macrocephalus in the unaltered site. The richness of follower species was similar between sites, however, follower species abundance per interaction were significantly higher in the unaltered site than in the altered site. These differences seem to be a consequence of the alterations in assemblage composition and feeding behavior of the nuclear species that presumably are affected by different substrate composition and food availability between the structurally distinct areas.A interação nuclear-seguidor é um tipo particular de associação alimentar interespecífica que envolve uma espécie nuclear, que revolve ou vasculha o substrato, e espécies seguidoras, que acessam os itens alimentares disponibilizados pela atividade do nuclear. Neste estudo investigamos o efeito da estrutura do habitat sobre essa interação em um riacho no Planalto da Bodoquena, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foram registradas 272 interações durante 24 sessões de observação subaquática em áreas estruturalmente inalteradas e alteradas. A espécie nuclear dominante diferiu entre as áreas. Prochilodus lineatus foi a espécie nuclear dominante das áreas alteradas, enquanto que Leporinus macrocephalus foi a espécie nuclear dominante nas áreas inalteradas. A riqueza de espécies seguidoras por interação não diferiu entre as áreas, entretanto a abundância de seguidores foi maior nas áreas inalteradas do que nas alteradas. Essas diferenças parecem ser consequência das modificações na composição da comunidade e no comportamento alimentar das espécies nucleares que são, por sua vez, decorrentes das diferenças na composição do substrato e disponibilidade de alimento entre as áreas estruturalmente distintas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Habitat simplification affects nuclear-follower foraging association among stream fishes

et al. 2011

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“…Although such interactions are commonly recorded in marine environments (Strand, 1988;Lukoschek & McCormick, 2000;Sazima et al, 2006;Sazima et al, 2007), there are studies on such interactions in tropical freshwater environments as well, mostly in tropical waters (e.g., Baker & Foster, 1994;Leitão et al, 2007;Ott, 2007;Teresa & Carvalho, 2008;Garrone-Neto & Sazima, 2009;Teresa et al, 2011). Despite efforts to describe this type of association, knowledge of its modulating factors is still incipient (see Sazima et al, 2005;Krajewski, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the importance of bottom disturbance was emphasized by Krajewski (2009), who experimentally demonstrated that bottom disturbance is a factor more important than the identity of the nuclear species in attracting followers. Thus, the features directly or indirectly associated with sediment suspension would be important for the occurrence and variation in the composition of followers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive factors of species composition of follower fishes in nuclear-follower feeding associations: a snapshot study

Teresa

Sazima

et al. 2014

Neotrop. ichthyol.

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We tested whether habitat, identity, size of nuclear fishes, and intensity of bottom disturbance caused by their foraging can predict the composition of fish followers in nuclear-follower feeding associations. The study was carried out in a stream of the Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Southwestern Brazil. We performed underwater observational sessions (total 12 h) of such interspecific interactions to obtain data about the identity and abundance of the followers in the association, as well as the identity and size of the nuclear fish. We also evaluated whether different intensities of bottom disturbance due to the nuclear fish foraging and type of habitat may influence interactions. We recorded 38 episodes involving nuclear and follower species. Using a multivariate analysis with distance matrices, we noted that the intensity of bottom disturbance caused by nuclear fishes was the main predictor of the composition of the follower species (r = 0.55, p < 0.01), as well as the identity of the nuclear species, although this latter relation was weak (r = 0.09, p = 0.05). Such results indicate that followers react readily to sediment suspension, which reflects the trophic plasticity and opportunistic foraging characteristic of most tropical freshwater fishes.Neste estudo testamos se o hábitat, a identidade e o tamanho da espécie nuclear, bem como a intensidade do distúrbio causado pela atividade do nuclear podem predizer a composição de seguidores na associação alimentar do tipo nuclear-seguidor. O estudo foi conduzido em um riacho da Serra da Bodoquena, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, bacia do alto Rio Paraguai. Foram realizadas sessões de observação subaquática (totalizando 12 h), visando a obter informações sobre identidade e abundância dos seguidores, assim como identidade e tamanho da espécie nuclear, hábitat e intensidade do distúrbio causado pela atividade de forrageamento da espécie nuclear. Foram registradas 38 associações envolvendo cinco espécies nucleares e nove espécies seguidoras. A análise multivariada com matrizes de distância demonstrou que a intensidade do distúrbio causado pelos nucleares foi o principal preditor da composição de seguidores (r = 0,55, p < 0,01), assim como a identidade da espécie nuclear, embora essa relação tenha sido fraca (r = 0,09, p = 0,05). Esses resultados indicam que os seguidores respondem prontamente à suspensão de sedimento, refletindo a plasticidade trófica e o oportunismo de forrageio característico da maioria dos peixes tropicais de água doce.

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“…In view of its feeding habits, such anostomid visibly played the nuclear role in the feeding associations herein described. While this role is not only performed by bottom disturbing organisms, substrate disturbance is considered a strong predictor of the nuclear task in a nuclear-follower association (Strand, 1988;Krajewski, 2009).…”

Section: Feeding Association Of Nuclear-following Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding and social behavior of the piabanha, Brycon devillei (Castelnau, 1855) (Characidae: Bryconinae) in the wild, with a note on following behavior

2011

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Knowledge concerning the behavior of wild freshwater fishes in Brazil is restricted to a few studies, despite such studies being able to answer fundamental questions about conservation. Species of Brycon are amongst the most threatened in the Neotropics, particularly in southeast Brazil, due to anthropogenic activities in this region. This study investigated the feeding and social behaviors of the endangered fish, Brycon devillei in the Preto River, Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Behavioral data were collected by snorkeling with four spatially separated groups (habituated), and direct observations of shoals were made using an underwater video camera (a total of 448 hours of observations). This species showed diverse tactics to obtain food. However, the species proved to be predominately a specialist surface-picker, which adopted alternative tactics to find food at certain times of the year, most notably when food items on the water surface became low. Feeding frequency was shown to be negatively correlated to agonistic behavior between conspecifics. Feeding associations were also recorded between the anostomid Leporinus garmani, acting as a nuclear species, and B. devillei, as follower species. The data presented here showed the importance of conserving the riparian environment to protect B. devillei populations. Furthermore, the present study included rare observations of nuclear-follower feeding association among freshwater fishes, especially between medium-sized characiforms, being the first observations of such kind in a Cerrado stream.O conhecimento do comportamento de vida livre em peixes de água doce brasileiros é restrito a poucos estudos e pode responder a questões fundamentais de conservação. Espécies do gênero Brycon estão entre as mais ameaçadas na região neotropical, especialmente no sudeste brasileiro, em vista de diversos impactos antrópicos. O presente estudo investigou os comportamentos alimentar e social de Brycon devillei no rio Preto, bacia do Jequitinhonha, Brasil. Para tanto, utilizou-se seções de mergulhos livres para observação direta de quatro grupos habituados de B. devillei, com o auxílio de câmeras filmadoras subaquáticas. Tal espécie apresentou variadas táticas para obtenção de alimento. Entretanto, a espécie demonstrou ser um forrageador de superfície especializado que, em determinados períodos do ano, quando provavelmente a lâmina d'água torna-se uma fonte escassa de recursos, adota táticas alternativas em busca de alimentos. A frequência de forrageamento demonstrou ser negativamente correlacionada com os comportamentos agonísticos. Foram observadas associações alimentares interespecíficas envolvendo o timburé, Leporinus garmani, como espécie nuclear, e a piabanha, Brycon devillei, como sua seguidora. Os dados apresentados no presente estudo demonstram a importância de se conservar o ambiente ripário em prol da proteção das populações de B. devillei. Além disso, o presente estudo é um dos raros registros de associação alimentar do tipo nuclear-seguidor entre peixe...

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How do follower reef fishes find nuclear fishes?

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Habitat simplification affects nuclear-follower foraging association among stream fishes

Habitat simplification affects nuclear-follower foraging association among stream fishes

Predictive factors of species composition of follower fishes in nuclear-follower feeding associations: a snapshot study

Feeding and social behavior of the piabanha, Brycon devillei (Castelnau, 1855) (Characidae: Bryconinae) in the wild, with a note on following behavior

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