How do hydraulic vibrators work? A look inside the black box

Sallas, John J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2478.2009.00837.x

Cited by 68 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Many papers are devoted to the mismatch among the actual force (typically measured with load cells), the weighted-sum-groundforce method, and the seismic far-field wavelet; see, for example, Baeten et al (1988), Van Der Veen et al (1999), Wei (2008Wei ( , 2009, Shan et al (2009), Saragiotis et al (2010), Wei et al (2010), Sallas (2010), and Poletto et al (2011). Any difference between the seismic far-field wavelet and the source wavelet measured at, and used to control, the source will cause a decrease of source repeatability and seismic resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the mechanical vibrator-earth contact geometry and its dynamics

Noorlandt

Drijkoningen

2016

GEOPHYSICS

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The geometry of the contact between a vibrator and the earth underneath influences the dynamics of the vibrator. Although a vibrator might appear to be well-coupled with the earth on a macroscale, perfect coupling certainly does not occur on the microscale. With the aid of contact mechanical modeling and concepts, it can be shown that this lack of contact at the microscale, or rather the change thereof during a sweep, can have a significant effect on the dynamics of the vibrator-earth system. Modeling of such changing contact predicts that the dynamic behavior varies considerably with the vibrator drive level. The most significant effect predicted by the model is a decrease in the base-plate resonance frequency with an increasing drive level. Extensive drive-level tests carried out in a field experiment confirm this change of resonance behavior with drive level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the mechanical vibrator-earth contact geometry and its dynamics

Noorlandt

Drijkoningen

2016

GEOPHYSICS

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“…Therefore, an LSM-driven vibrator will be able to equally generate low frequencies with a large stroke as high frequencies with a relative small stroke. This is in contrast to hydraulic engines in which fluid flow and dynamics limit and distort the output at low and high frequencies (Sallas, 2010), or single-coilmagnet designs in which the linearity is lost for larger amplitudes (Van Der Veen et al, 1999).…”

Section: Principle Of a Linear Synchronous Motormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these engines can produce very large forces, the hydraulics put unwanted limitations on the vibrator. The intrinsic nonlinearity of the hydraulic system is one of the causes of the harmonics typically observed with vibrators (Sallas, 2010). Depending on the design, the hydraulic flow rate might (Sallas, 2010) or might not (Wei and Phillips, 2013) limit the output power of the vibrator at low frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intrinsic nonlinearity of the hydraulic system is one of the causes of the harmonics typically observed with vibrators (Sallas, 2010). Depending on the design, the hydraulic flow rate might (Sallas, 2010) or might not (Wei and Phillips, 2013) limit the output power of the vibrator at low frequencies. At the high end of the spectrum, the output is limited as well, due to the compressibility of the hydraulic fluid (Sallas, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the design, the hydraulic flow rate might (Sallas, 2010) or might not (Wei and Phillips, 2013) limit the output power of the vibrator at low frequencies. At the high end of the spectrum, the output is limited as well, due to the compressibility of the hydraulic fluid (Sallas, 2010). Furthermore, the storke, the maximal movement of the reaction mass possible, needed for the generation of low frequencies, and the volume and pressure within the hydraulic engine are directly related.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A seismic vertical vibrator driven by linear synchronous motors

Noorlandt

Drijkoningen

Dams³

et al. 2015

GEOPHYSICS

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A linear synchronous motor (LSM) is an electric motor that can produce large controllable forces and is therefore suitable as a driving engine for a seismic vibrator. This motor consists of two independent elements, a magnet track and a coil track, allowing practically unlimited motor displacements. This makes the LSM very suitable for expanding the source frequency band to the lower frequencies in which larger strokes are needed. In contrast to hydraulic engines, the LSM performs equally well over the whole frequency range, making possible a smaller amount of signal distortion, especially at the low frequencies. To find the feasibility of an LSM-driven vibrator, we successfully designed and built a multi-LSM prototype vibrator of some 1200 kg. We addressed the synchronization between the individual motor tracks and the different motors. To lower the energy consumption, a spring mechanism was implemented that delivered the force needed to lift the vibrator mass to its neutral position. The resonance belonging to this spring mechanism was successfully suppressed with the help of a position feedback control that also suppressed the temperature effects. The seismic data acquired in the field tests proved that the prototype LSM vibrator acted very well as a seismic source. It has no trouble generating pseudorandom sweeps, and even given its limited size, it generated signals within the low-frequency regime, down to 2 Hz, rather easily.

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Evaluation on thermal performance of liquid‐cooling structures for high‐power lithium‐ion battery pack

Ding³

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Developing high-power electric-driven system is the key to realize green exploration of vibroseis. To improve the safety and extend the cycle life of the lithium-ion batteries for electric-driven vibroseis, two types of liquid-cooling structure for the battery pack were developed and evaluated. The thermal performance of the liquid-cooling structures was evaluated by three indexes of the maximum temperature in the whole battery pack, the maximum temperature difference between the cells, and the standard deviation (SD) coefficient of the cells' temperature. Results suggest that the maximum temperature difference and the SD coefficient of the single-inlet-single-outlet liquid-cooling structure is 7.43 C and 6.49%, respectively, and both fail to meet the indexes. In the double-inlet-double-outlet liquid-cooling structure, the maximum temperature increases linearly with the growth of the coolant inlet temperature. With higher coolant flow rate, the maximum temperature is lower, while the temperature difference between the two sides of the cell is greater. When the inlet temperature of the coolant is below 33.9 C and the coolant flow rate is greater than or equal to 350 g/s, the thermal performance evaluation indexes of the battery pack could be achieved. Field test of the electric-driven vibroseis shows that the double-inlet-double-outlet structure can fully achieve the cooling requirements. This research provides significant support for the development of green-exploration vibroseis.

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How do hydraulic vibrators work? A look inside the black box

Cited by 68 publications

References 13 publications

On the mechanical vibrator-earth contact geometry and its dynamics

On the mechanical vibrator-earth contact geometry and its dynamics

A seismic vertical vibrator driven by linear synchronous motors

Evaluation on thermal performance of liquid‐cooling structures for high‐power lithium‐ion battery pack

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