How Do I Remember Thee? The Role of Encoding Set and Delay in Reconstructive Memory Processes

Price perception and confirmation bias in the context of a VAT increase

“…On the contrary, participants who encoded information with the explicit goal of merely comprehending the information (the 'comprehension set') displayed a strong tendency to assimilate memory towards their expectation. It was further found that a longer delay between encoding and recall also contributed to a stronger tendency to assimilate memory towards expectation (Hirt et al, 1995). The fact that the price knowledge of consumers is rather low in general, indicates that the encoding of price information is not necessarily done with the explicit goal of remembering information for later recall, but rather with the goal of comprehending information.…”

“…Various conditions have been identified that may contribute to a strong influence of expectation in recall. It was found, for instance, that encoding sets may influence the strength of expectations in recall (Hirt, McDonald, & Erickson, 1995). Participants who encoded information with the explicit goal of remembering information for later recall (the 'recall set') displayed a low tendency to assimilate memory towards their expectation.…”

Perception of One’s Own and Another’s Behaviors Related to MoralityDoes Self-accuracy Matter?

“…Moreover, it is a kind of misuse of the term accuracy. Huge literature on accuracy (Hirt, McDonald, & Erickson, 1995;Hirt, Melton, McDonald, & Harackiewicz, 1996;Funder, 1987Funder, , 1995Kenny & DePaulo, 1993;Dunning, 2005) persuades that we should possess an objective measure of examined event as a criterion of accuracy. There was no real criterion of accuracy.…”

Establishing versus preserving impressions: Predicting success in the multiple audience problem

“…In the former situation, people have past experiences with the audiences and established impressions to rely on. Audiences likely enter the situation expecting actors to behave in ways consistent with their previous impressions and are more likely to attend to and remember information consistent with these impressions (Hirt, McDonald, & Erikson, ; Trope & Thompson, ). In the latter situation, people do not have these affordances.…”