How Do Indian Substance Users Perceive Stigma Towards Substance Use Vis-A-Vis Their Family Members?

Mattoo, Surendra Kumar; Sarkar, Siddharth; Nebhinani, Naresh; Gupta, Sunil; Parakh, Preeti; Basu, Debasish

doi:10.1080/15332640.2014.980960

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In cVEDA adolescents, the prevalence of family level ACEs such as parental substance misuse (26.3%) and domestic violence (37.2%) was notably high, and these adolescents were four times more likely to misuse TAC after adjustments for confounders. Adolescents may be more vulnerable to family level ACEs living within a cultural context where family relationships are valued more than individual autonomy and where parental substance misuse is considered a family disease, strongly associated with societal stigma [ 38 , 39 ]. This is supported by the results of our IPD meta-analysis, where we found clear ACE-TAC association at child level and collective level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse childhood experiences and substance misuse in young people in India: results from the multisite cVEDA cohort

et al. 2021

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Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases vulnerability to externalising disorders such as substance misuse. The study aims to determine the prevalence of ACEs and its association with substance misuse. Methods Data from the Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalising Disorders and Addictions (cVEDA) in India was used (n = 9010). ACEs were evaluated using the World Health Organisation (WHO) Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire whilst substance misuse was assessed using the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. A random-effects, two-stage individual patient data meta-analysis explained the associations between ACEs and substance misuse with adjustments for confounders such as sex and family structure. Results 1 in 2 participants reported child maltreatment ACEs and family level ACEs. Except for sexual abuse, males report more of every individual childhood adversity and are more likely to report misusing substances compared with females (87.3% vs. 12.7%). In adolescents, family level ACEs (adj OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5–11.7) and collective level ACEs (adj OR 6.6, 95% CI 1.4–31.1) show associations with substance misuse whilst in young adults, child level ACEs such as maltreatment show similar strong associations (adj OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5). Conclusion ACEs such as abuse and domestic violence are strongly associated with substance misuse, most commonly tobacco, in adolescent and young adult males in India. The results suggest enhancing current ACE resilience programmes and ‘trauma-informed’ approaches to tackling longer-term impact of ACEs in India. Funding Newton Bhabha Grant jointly funded by the Medical Research Council, UK (MR/N000390/1) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR/MRC-UK/3/M/2015-NCD-I).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Underreporting of use of illicit substances is possible given the nature of the study design (e.g. children and adolescents may have been interviewed with parents/guardians in the vicinity) and stigma and taboo associated with using and admitting to illegal substances [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences and substance misuse in young people in India: results from the multisite cVEDA cohort

et al. 2021

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“…Stigma, referring to categorising and debasing a particular group based on specific characteristics, has garnered considerable research attention [5]. The World Health Organization has identified stigma as one of the key barriers for people who use drugs to seek and engage in drug treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policies for recovery from drug use: Differences between public stigma and perceived stigma and associated factors

Luo,

Xu,

Zhang

2024

Drug and Alcohol Review

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IntroductionPublic stigma towards people who use drugs is widespread and places obstacles in way of their recovery. Previous studies have used different approaches to measure public stigma, resulting in a notable gap in the understanding of the relationship between it and its associated factors. Some studies measure public stigma by assessing stigma perceived by those who use drugs, while others investigate attitudes towards them among the general public. This study aimed to compare perceived and public stigma, and factors related to these two variables.MethodsThe study comprised a cross‐sectional survey in China of two samples: males who used drugs (N = 257) and the general public (N = 376). The survey assessed demographic variables, social distance, public stigma and perceived stigma of those who use drugs. The data were analysed using t‐tests and linear regression.ResultsPublic stigma was significantly higher than perceived stigma. The findings indicated that gender, knowledge of drugs, family relationships with people who use drugs, attributions of drug use and social distance were significantly related to levels of public stigma. Among those who use drugs, perceived stigma was significantly correlated with age, marital status, duration of drug abstinence and social distance.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings indicate that public stigma undermines the recovery of people who use drugs and highlight the importance of interaction between them and the social environment. The study also underscores the necessity of developing policies to enhance their integration into mainstream culture and provide access to social support and life activities.

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“…Stigma towards drug users has been documented across a broad range of geographic regions and cultures (e.g., Fotopoulou, Munro, & Taylor, 2015; Mattoo et al, 2015; Lim et al, 2013; Myers, Carney, & Wechsberg, 2016). Research indicates that drug users are frequently viewed by mainstream society as dangerous, deceitful and morally unacceptable (Brener & Von Hippel, 2008; Room, 2005; Small, Wood, Lloyd-Smith, Tyndall, & Kerr, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Not human, dead already”: Perceptions and experiences of drug-related stigma among opioid-using young adults from the former Soviet Union living in the U.S.

Gunn

Guarino

2016

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background Young people from the former Soviet Union (FSU) in the U.S. are engaging in opioid and injection drug use (IDU) in substantial numbers, paralleling nationwide trends. Yet opioid-using FSU immigrants face distinctive acculturation challenges, including perceived stigmatisation as drug users within their immigrant communities, which may exacerbate the negative health and psychosocial consequences of such use. Methods This qualitative study draws on semi-structured interviews with 26 FSU immigrant young adults (ages 18–29) living in New York City who reported opioid use in the past month and/or were currently in treatment for opioid use disorder. Interviews probed youths’ drug use histories, immigration/acculturation experiences, family and peer relationships, and service utilisation. Interviews or focus groups were also conducted with 12 FSU mothers of opioid-using youth and 20 service providers familiar with the FSU population. In a content-based thematic analysis, verbatim transcripts were coded for salient themes. Results All three participant groups emphasized that stigma towards drug users within the FSU community is pervasive and acute, in contrast to the cultural acceptance of heavy drinking, and is rooted in punitive Soviet-era drug policies, fostering widespread ignorance about drugs and addiction. Young adults and service providers reported instances in which anticipation of community stigmatisation deterred youth from accessing drug treatment and harm reduction services. Similarly, stigma contributed to parents’ failure to recognize early signs of their children’s opioid problems and their reluctance to seek drug treatment for their children until opioid use had become severe. Young adults described how drug-use stigma is frequently internalized, leading to shame and loss of self-esteem. Conclusion Findings indicate an urgent need for community-wide education about drugs within FSU immigrant communities, and suggest specific service modalities that may be less stigmatizing for youth, such as peer-delivered syringe exchange and harm reduction education, and technology-based interventions that can be accessed privately and discreetly.

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How Do Indian Substance Users Perceive Stigma Towards Substance Use Vis-A-Vis Their Family Members?

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Adverse childhood experiences and substance misuse in young people in India: results from the multisite cVEDA cohort

Adverse childhood experiences and substance misuse in young people in India: results from the multisite cVEDA cohort

Policies for recovery from drug use: Differences between public stigma and perceived stigma and associated factors

“Not human, dead already”: Perceptions and experiences of drug-related stigma among opioid-using young adults from the former Soviet Union living in the U.S.

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