How do plants read their own shapes?

Hamant, Olivier; Moulia, Bruno

doi:10.1111/nph.14143

Cited by 66 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, it has been found that a so called restoring force is required for stable posture control, termed proprioception (Bastien et al, 2013; Hamant and Moulia, 2016). This is related to an internal process associated with the active tendency of a growing organ to resist being bent (not a mechanical response), and is represented by , where γ is the proprioceptive sensitivity (Bastien et al, 2013).…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently developed models of growth-driven plant dynamics are limited to specific aspects of tropisms or circumnutations. Bastien et al have developed models for tropism in 2D, such as the AC (Bastien et al, 2013, 2015) and ACE (Bastien et al, 2014) models, addressing the influence of growth, and identifying the requirement of a restoring force called proprioception, whereby a plant can dampen the curving dynamics according to how curved it is (Bastien et al, 2013; Hamant and Moulia, 2016). Bressan et al (2017) developed a model based on a similar formalism however not accounting for growth explicitly as the driver of dynamics, and achieving stable dynamics by controlling the growth-zone and sensitivity, rather than proprioception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A general 3D model for growth dynamics of sensory-growth systems: from plants to robotics

Porat

Tedone

Palladino

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

2In recent years there has been a rise in interest in the development of self-growing robotics 3 inspired by the moving-by-growing paradigm of plants. In particular, climbing plants capitalize on 4 their slender structures to successfully negotiate unstructured environments, while employing 5 a combination of two classes of growth-driven movements: tropic responses, which direct 6 growth in the direction of an external stimulus, and inherent nastic movements, such as periodic 7 circumnutations, which promote exploration. In order to emulate these complex growth dynamics 8 in a 3D environment, a general and rigorous mathematical framework is required. Here we 9 develop a general 3D model for rod-like organs adopting the Frenet-Serret frame, providing a 10 useful framework from the standpoint of robotics control. Differential growth drives the dynamics 11 of the organ, governed by both internal and external cues. We describe the numerical method 12 required to implement this model, and perform numerical simulations of a number of key scenarios, 13 showcasing the applicability of our model. In the case of responses to external stimuli, we consider 14 a distant stimulus (such as sunlight and gravity), a point stimulus (a point light source), and a 15 line stimulus which emulates twining of a climbing plant around a support. We also simulate 16 circumnutations, the response to an internal oscillatory cue, associated with search processes. 17 Lastly we also demonstrate the superposition of both the response to an external stimulus 18 together with circumnutations. Lastly we consider a simple example illustrating the possible use of 19 an optimal control approach in order to recover tropic dynamics, in a way which may be relevant 20 for robotics use. In all, the model presented here is general and robust, paving the way for a 21 deeper understanding of plant response dynamics, as well as novel control systems for newly 22 developed self-growing robots. 23

show abstract

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A general 3D model for growth dynamics of sensory-growth systems: from plants to robotics

Porat

Tedone

Palladino

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The time scale of the problem is associated with the time it takes for the organ to reach its steady state, termed the convergence time and defined as T c = 1/γ. The ratio between the convergence length and the length of the organ introduces a dimensionless number Z [53], which describes the balance between the sensitivity to external stimuli and proprioception, and is linearly related to the maximal curvature:…”

Section: A Minimal Model For Allotropism: the Growth-driven Reorimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Collective Behavior in Plant Inspired Growth-Driven Systems, Based on Kinematics of Allotropism

Bastien

Porat

Meroz

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A variety of biological systems are not motile, but sessile in nature, relying on growth as the main driver of their movement. Groups of such growing organisms can form complex structures, such as the functional architecture of growing axons, or the adaptive structure of plant root systems. These processes are not yet understood, however the decentralized growth dynamics bear similarities to the collective behavior observed in groups of motile organisms, such as flocks of birds or schools of fish. Equivalent growth mechanisms make these systems amenable to a theoretical framework inspired by tropic responses of plants, where growth is considered implicitly as the driver of the observed bending towards a stimulus. We introduce two new concepts related to plant tropisms: point tropism, the response of a plant to a nearby point signal source, and allotropism, the growth-driven response of plant organs to neighboring plants. We first analytically and numerically investigate the 2D dynamics of single organs responding to point signals fixed in space. Building on this we study pairs of organs interacting via allotropism, i.e.each organ senses signals emitted at the tip of their neighbor and responds accordingly. In the case of local sensing we find a rich phase space. We describe the different phases, as well as the sharp transitions between them. We also find that the form of the phase space depends on initial conditions. This work sets the stage towards a theoretical framework for the investigation and understanding of systems of interacting growth-driven individuals.

show abstract

“…Therefore, sensing these mechanical constraints through local tissue deformations, and consequently modulating growth to adjust the stem stability, represents an important developmental feedback to provide plants with postural perception. This is part of mechanism known as "proprioception" (1,4). The apical growth of trees is controlled by the cell division rate in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) that produces axillary primordia (later named stem nodes), combined with the longitudinal extension of shoot internodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ELIMÄKI locus is required for mechanosensing and proprioception in birch trees

Alonso‐Serra¹,

Shi²,

Peaucelle³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The remarkable vertical and radial growth observed in tree species, encompasses a major physical challenge for wood forming tissues. To compensate with increasing size and weight, cambiumderived radial growth increases the stem width, thereby supporting the aerial body of trees. This feedback appears to be part of a so-called "proprioception" (1, 2) mechanism that controls plant size and biomass allocation. Yet, how trees experience or respond to mechanical stress derived from their own vertical loading, remains unknown. Here, we combined two strategies to dissect the proprioceptive response in birch. First, we show that in response to physical loading, trees promote radial growth with different magnitudes along the stem. Next, we identified a mutant cultivar (B. pubescens cv. Elimäki) in which the main stem shows normal vertical development, but collapses after three months. By inducing precocious flowering, we generated a backcrossed population (BC1) by producing two generations in 4 years. In his scheme, we uncovered a recessive trait (eki) that segregates and genetically maps with a Mendelian monogenic pattern. Unlike WT, eki is resistant to vertical mechanical stimulation. However, eki responds normally to the gravitropic stimulus by making tension wood. Before the collapse, cell size in eki is compromised resulting in radial growth defects, depending on stem height. Cell walls of developing xylem and phloem tissues have delayed differentiation in eki, and its tissues are softer compared to WT as indicated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The transcriptomic profile of eki highlighted the overlap with that of the Arabidopsis response to touch. Taken together, our results suggest that the mechanical environment and cell wall properties of developing woody tissues, can significantly affect the growth responses to vertical loading thereby compromising their proprioceptive capacity. Additionally, we introduce a fast forward genetics strategy to dissect complex phenotypes in trees.

show abstract

How do plants read their own shapes?

Cited by 66 publications

References 48 publications

A general 3D model for growth dynamics of sensory-growth systems: from plants to robotics

A general 3D model for growth dynamics of sensory-growth systems: from plants to robotics

A Framework for Collective Behavior in Plant Inspired Growth-Driven Systems, Based on Kinematics of Allotropism

ELIMÄKI locus is required for mechanosensing and proprioception in birch trees

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About