How do short sleepers use extra waking hours? A compositional analysis of 24-h time-use patterns among children and adolescents

Abstract

Background To examine compositional associations between short sleep duration and sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among children and adolescents. Methods Multi-day 24-h data on sleep, SB, LPA and MVPA were collected using accelerometers among 343 children (8–13 years old) and 316 adolescents (14–18 years old). Children and adolescents with sleep duration of < 9 and < 8 h, respectively, were classified as short sleepers. Robust compositional regression analysis was used to examine the associations between short sleep duration and the waking-time composition. Results Seventy-one percent of children and 75.3% of adolescents were classified as short sleepers. In children, being a short sleeper was associated with higher SB by 95 min/day ( p < 0.001) and lower MVPA by 16 min/day ( p = 0.002). Specifically, it was associated with a higher amount of time spent in long sedentary bouts (β ilr1 = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29 to 0.62) and lower amounts of time spent in sporadic SB (β ilr1 = − 0.17, 95% CI = –0.24 to − 0.10), sporadic LPA (β ilr1 = − 0.09, 95% CI = –0.14 to − 0.04) and sporadic MVPA (β ilr1 = − 0.17, 95% CI = –0.25 to − 0.10, p < 0.001 for all), relative to the remaining behaviours. In adolescents, being a short sleeper was associated with a higher amount of time spent in SB by 67 min/day ( p = 0.001) and lower LPA by 2 min/day ( p = 0.035). Specifically, it was associated with more time spent in sedentary bouts of 1–9 min (β ilr1 = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.14, p = 0.007) and 10–29 min (β ilr1 = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.18, p = 0.015), relative to the remaining behaviours. Conclusions Among children and adolescents, short sleep duration seems to be highly prevalent and associated with less healthy waking time. Public health interventions and strategies to tackle the high prevalence of short sleep duration among children and adolescents are warranted.

Czech adolescents’ remote school and health experiences during the spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdown

“…The perceived increase in screen-time activities is likely due to remote schooling, online socializing and limited non-screen-based activities ( Margaritis et al, 2020 , Nagata et al, 2020 ). Based on these results, public health messages are needed to promote more physical activity and reinforce the potential harm of excessive screen-time activities, particularly if it replaces physical activities ( Sallis et al, 2020 ) or sleep ( Gába et al, 2020 ). In addition, the practical recommendations for parents to guide or regulate the amount of online behavior during the spring lockdown ( Király et al, 2020 ) requires further monitoring to see what effects result from the restrictions following the pandemic.…”

Replacing school and out-of-school sedentary behaviors with physical activity and its associations with adiposity in children and adolescents: a compositional isotemporal substitution analysis

“…Sleep represents a predominant part of 24-h movement behavior composition and has been found to be independently associated with childhood obesity [ 46 ]. Moreover, inadequate sleep is associated with less healthy awake time, especially with higher levels of prolonged SB [ 18 ]. Future studies should consider a 24-h time-use paradigm and use appropriate statistical methods.…”

“…This observational cross-sectional study included children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years who were recruited from urban and rural schools across the Czech Republic. The study’s sampling and design details have been reported elsewhere [ 18 , 22 ]. Briefly, seven primary and four secondary schools in which students are engaged in the mandated amount of physical education lessons (i.e., 90 min a week) participated in this study.…”

“…Although previously published studies have shown that both school and out-of-school SB are independently associated with adiposity indicators [ 11 , 16 , 17 ], these studies examined SB in isolation without including the remaining movement behaviors within the 24-h cycle (i.e., physical activity [PA] and sleep). It is known that all movement behaviors interact with each other [ 2 , 18 ], and therefore, the change in adiposity status associated with a change in SB is partly due to a compensatory change in one or all remaining movement behaviors [ 19 ]. For this reason, the relationship between SB and adiposity should be examined in accordance with a 24-h time-use paradigm that integrates all daily movement behaviors [ 2 ].…”

A Model of Adolescent Sleep Health and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

“…Contrary to this hypothesis, in one study of Saudi adolescents, longer self-reported sleep duration was associated with high screen time and low-tomedium physical activity levels, whereas insufficient sleep was associated with high levels of physical activity [44]. In contrast, several other studies have shown that shorter sleep duration and poor sleep quality were associated with less physical activity, more electronics use, and higher sedentary behaviors in adolescents using both subjective and objective assessments [45][46][47][48][49].…”