How Do Soccer Players Adjust Their Activity in Team Coordination? An Enactive Phenomenological Analysis

Gesbert, Vincent; Durny, Annick; Hauw, Denis

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00854

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Numerous recent qualitative studies have demonstrated the fruitfulness of this method for studying the dynamic of experience in the actor (e.g. [ 50 – 52 ]) and for studying emotion and stress [ 32 – 34 ]. The interview was very directive so as to provoke the re-emergence of elements of past experience when the participant was confronted with his own video recording.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trier Social Stress Test and the Trier Social Stress Test for groups: Qualitative investigations

2018

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The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and its version for groups (TSST-G) are the gold standard for inducing acute psychosocial stress in human experimental settings and have been used in numerous studies since the early 1990s. The TSST and the TSST-G lead to effects on different physiological and psychological markers, such as salivary cortisol, anxiety, and emotional states. These effects were assessed with quantitative methods comparing pre-test and post-test measures with statistical analyses. But to date, no qualitative analyses have been conducted to examine the meaningful experience of participants during the TSST and the TSST-G. This study is the first to conduct qualitative investigations to further clarify the stressful experience of participants confronted with these procedures. Preliminary results showed as expected that the TSST and the TSST-G effectively induced psychosocial stress, with cortisol levels, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and arousal increases, and with pleasure and dominance decreases. At the qualitative level, the results evidenced that the two theoretically stressful components of the TSST and the TSST-G, namely social-evaluative threat and uncontrollability, were experienced as stress-inducing by the participants. Two case studies confirmed these findings. But the results also showed on one hand that psychosocial stress is a dynamic phenomenon, with important fluctuations throughout the tasks (mainly for the TSST-G); and on the other hand that despite the similar physiological and psychological responses between the TSST and the TSST-G evidenced by the literature, the experience of the participants was both similar and specific. Use of a qualitative method allowed us to provide a complementary point of view to understand the meaningful experience of participants during these stressful procedures, apprehending the dynamic of the subjective stress experience without disrupting it.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trier Social Stress Test and the Trier Social Stress Test for groups: Qualitative investigations

2018

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“…Therefore, access to pre-reflexive consciousness provides a disclosure of the world as meaningfully experienced by the agent. Furthermore, within the sports psychology literature, the course-of-action framework has already been used to gain insight into performance in many sports like trampoline and acrobatics (Hauw and Durand, 2004, 2008), skydiving (Mohamed et al, 2015), table tennis (Sève et al, 2005), orienteering (Mottet et al, 2016), rowing (Sève et al, 2013), soccer (Villemain and Hauw, 2014; Gesbert et al, 2017), and trail running (Antonini Philippe et al, 2016; Hauw et al, 2017; Rochat et al, 2017). All these studies analyzed embedded activity through activity analysis and were able to provide practical recommendations for training, education, and competition (e.g., Hauw, 2017, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enacting Phenomenological Gestalts in Ultra-Trail Running: An Inductive Analysis of Trail Runners’ Courses of Experience

et al. 2018

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Using an enactive approach to trail runners’ activity, this study sought to identify and characterize runners’ phenomenological gestalts, which are forms of experience that synthesize the heterogeneous sensorimotor, cognitive and emotional information that emerges in race situations. By an in-depth examination of their meaningful experiences, we were able to highlight the different typologies of interactions between bodily processes (e.g., sensations and pains), behaviors (e.g., actions and strategies), and environment (e.g., meteorological conditions and route profile). Ten non-professional runners who ran an ultra-trail running race (330 km, 24,000 m of elevation gain) volunteered to participate in the study. Data were collected in two steps: (1) collection of past activity traces (i.e., race maps, field notes, and self-assessment scales) and (2) enactive interviews using the past activity traces in which the runners were invited to relive their experience and describe their activity. The enactive interviews were coded using the course-of-experience methodology to identify the phenomenological gestalts that emerged from activity and scaffolded the runners’ courses of experience. The results revealed that runners typically enact three phenomenological gestalts: controlling global ease, enduring general fatigue and experiencing difficult situations, and feeling freedom in the running pace. These phenomenological gestalts were made up of specific behaviors, involvements, and meaningful situated elements that portrayed various ways of achieving an ultra-endurance performance in the race situation. They also highlighted how runners enact a meaningful world by acting in relation to the fluctuations in physical sensations and environmental conditions during an ultra-trail race. Practical applications for preparation, race management and sports psychology interventions are proposed to enrich the existing recommendations. In conclusion, this approach provides new research perspectives by offering a more holistic grasp of activity in trail running through an in-depth analysis of athletes’ experience. In doing so, we may expect that runners can connect these typical gestalts to their own personal experiences and stories as trail runners in order to sustain a viable approach to their sport.

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“…19, no 5, 2018, SPeCIaL ISSue (SCIenCe In SoCCeR and futSaL) humanmovement.pl different playing positions constantly interact with each other, e.g. defenders with the opposing forwards, midfielders with the opposing defenders, or forwards with the opposing midfielders [10,11]. From this interaction, players with a similar technical status, but with higher ASr, regardless of the playing position, could have an advantage over an opponent with lower ASr and similar MAS [1,4].…”

Section: Human Movement 66mentioning

confidence: 99%

The anaerobic speed reserve of high-level soccer players: a comparison based on the running speed profile among and within playing positions

Ortiz¹,

Teixeira²,

Mohr³

et al. 2018

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Purpose. the aim of the study was to examine the differences of the anaerobic speed reserve (ASr) in soccer players according to the playing positions (defenders, midfielders, and forwards). Methods. Overall, 120 elite-level national Brazilian soccer players (46 defenders, 45 midfielders, and 29 forwards) performed a field incremental test to estimate maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and a 30-m sprint to determine maximal sprinting speed (MSS). the difference between MAS and MSS was used to estimate ASr. Players were classified by position and by MAS and MSS performance. For each playing position, they were ranked and divided into higher and lower MSS (MSS-H and MSS-L, respectively) and MAS (MAS-H and MAS-L, respectively) groups. the players' ASr was compared among these groups. Results. the comparison of ASr within playing position showed no difference among defenders, midfielders, or forwards. In addition, a higher ASr was found for the fastest players (MSS-H) in all playing positions as compared with their MSS-L counterparts. When ASr was compared between MASH and MAS-L, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed. A high correlation was noted between ASr and MSS (r = 0.72; p < 0.001) and between ASr and MAS (r =-0.63; p < 0.001). Conclusions. MSS is the main index that determines the magnitude of ASr, which should be considered when characterizing the soccer players' running speed profile. However, no difference was found when the playing positions were compared, indicating similar characteristics of the running profile in a large sample of soccer players.

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How Do Soccer Players Adjust Their Activity in Team Coordination? An Enactive Phenomenological Analysis

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

The Trier Social Stress Test and the Trier Social Stress Test for groups: Qualitative investigations

The Trier Social Stress Test and the Trier Social Stress Test for groups: Qualitative investigations

Enacting Phenomenological Gestalts in Ultra-Trail Running: An Inductive Analysis of Trail Runners’ Courses of Experience

The anaerobic speed reserve of high-level soccer players: a comparison based on the running speed profile among and within playing positions

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