How do variations in seasonality affect population cycles?

Taylor, Rachel A.; White, Andrew; Sherratt, Jonathan A.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2714

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As prey density decreases, predator territory size must therefore increase, consistent with observations of lynx (Ward and Krebs 1985). This form of the carrying capacity also implies that predators may persist at very low prey densities, which is a common criticism of the May model (Turchin 2003), but the model was investigated due to its prevalence in the literature on cycles (Turchin and Hanski 1997, Strohm and Tyson 2012, Taylor et al 2013) and because it has been fit to field data from the Yukon (Tyson et al 2010). The final piece of the May model is Holling's Type II hyperbolic functional response for the predator in Eq.…”

Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Theoretical impacts of habitat loss and generalist predation on predator–prey cycles

Vitense

Wirsing

Tyson

et al. 2016

Ecological Modelling

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I used a reaction-diffusion-advection framework to investigate the relative and combined damping impacts of generalist predation and habitat loss with reaction terms taken from the May and Rosenzweig-MacArthur models. The models were parameterized using data from snowshoe hare and Canada lynx field studies to generate similar cyclic dynamics in the center of a single patch in the absence of generalist predation. I found that generalist predation has strong stabilizing effects for both models and may represent a threat to the persistence of specialized predators. The magnitude of cycle damping due to habitat loss depends on movement rates and model choice, but ultimately results in the loss of cycles. Differences in model carrying capacity may explain differences in model sensitivity to habitat loss, and cycle amplitude may or may not decrease monotonically with habitat loss, depending on model choice. Elevated generalist predation rates at patch edges and in matrix habitat hasten cycle attenuation in situations that lead to increased prey exposure to generalists, including small patch size, higher movement rates into the matrix, and increased prey density at patch edges. Habitat disturbances may therefore have myriad consequences for cyclic systems depending in part on the nature of specialist predator-prey interactions and the extent to which the disturbances increase generalist access to prey. Field data that clarifies the relationships between habitat loss and fragmentation, generalist density and behavior, and cyclic activity would be invaluable in informing future modeling efforts.

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Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For instance, Hanski et al (1991) used differential equations to show that generalist predation has a strong damping impact on predator-prey cycles characteristic of small rodents and mustelids in Fennoscandia. Taylor et al (2013) used the same model to…”

Section: Table Of Contents List Of Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical impacts of habitat loss and generalist predation on predator–prey cycles

Vitense

Wirsing

Tyson

et al. 2016

Ecological Modelling

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“…Such seasonal models are, however, mathematically much more difficult to understand in detail, which might explain why the very important contributions by Hanski may have not been applied to systems other than those for which they were developed. For the rodent-predator systems, however, Hanski's model formulations continue to inspire the development of new models (e.g., Taylor et al 2013a, 2013b, Radchuk et al 2016). The seasonal model of Hanski et al (1993) became the core of more complex models such as those of Hanski and Korpimäki (1995) and Turchin and Hanski (1997), which combined the ideas on generalist/specialist predation (Hanski et al 1991) and seasonality (Fig.…”

Section: Modelling Vole and Lemming Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ilkka Hanski and Small Mammals: from Shrew Metapopulations to Vole and Lemming Cycles

Henttonen

Gilg

Ims

et al. 2017

Annales Zoologici Fennici

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Ilkka Hanski may be best known for his work on insect and metapopulation dynamics, but he also contributed significantly to small mammal research. In the early 1980s he became interested in shrew dynamics, energetics, and of course, shrew metapopulations. He aimed at understanding the population biological consequences of body size in different shrew species. Feeding habits and environmental stochasticity affect shrew species in profoundly different ways: due to their short survival time small species have high extinction rates but their dispersal and colonization capacity is high which enables them to survive as metapopulations. After Hansson and Henttonen reported the Fennoscandian gradients in vole dynamics in the mid-1980s, Hanski became interested in vole and lemming cycles. The first models on this were published with Henttonen and Hansson in 1991 where the roles of specialist and generalist predators were assessed. Later, the models were further developed with Korpimäki and Turchin, with model parametrization from Microtus biology and including both specialist mammalian predators as well as avian predators. A special case was the model with Henttonen on competing vole species with a shared predator (apparent competition), which was related to the long-term fading out of vole cycles in Finnish Lapland in the mid-1980s (which though returned in the early 2010s). Later Hanski became interested in the work of Sittler and Gilg in Greenland. Together they modelled the very simple vertebrate community and showed how stoats played a pivotal role in generating a population cycle in the collared lemming. In addition to these specific works, Hanski was leading collaborator in several reviews on small rodent cycles and predation. He intended to return to shrew biology, but that never realized. Hanski was a fearless field biologist, but he always aimed at understanding natural phenomena at more general, theoretical level.Ilkka Hanski: The legacy of a multifaceted ecologist

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“…Поскольку обычно оценка ожидаемого времени суще-ствования вида колеблется от сотен тысяч до миллионов лет, филогенетическое дерево даже при применении абсолютно надежных методов оценки возраста не может дать информацию об относительно быстрых филогенети-ческих событиях, происходивших в ответ на относительно короткие флуктуации окружающей среды, которые дости-гали впечатляющего размаха и оказали влияние на биоту Байкала (Benson et al, 2012;Taylor et al, 2013). Очевидно, в основном у видов, переживших катаклизмы, следует ожидать следов демографических изменений: вымираний, взрывов численности, миграций и нарушений репродук-тивных барьеров по отношению к сестринским видам.…”

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Recent results of molecularphylogenetic studies of endemic invertebrates inhabiting Lake Baikal

Щербаков¹,

Коваленкова²,

Maikova³

2016

Vestn. VOGiS

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Lake Baikal and its invertebrates became a subject of systematic evolutionary studies more than a century ago. Exceptional taxonomic diversity of the lake's fauna, high variability of habitats and large volume of auxiliary knowledge on the ecosystem enables one to study fine details of speciation mechanisms hardly accessible in other model systems. Parallel to the development of technological and methodological potential of biology most of new approaches were employed in studies of Lake Baikal. This review deals mostly with the results obtained during last two decades by means of molecular phylogenetics. The main common features found to date include, first of all, a relatively young age of the most recent common ancestor of the majority of species flocks. Second, it was found that almost all speciation events studied took place in sympatry and according to quite complicated scenarios. The latter is due to the fact that in the course of geological evolution of Lake Baikal there were no or very few episodes of its fragmentation sufficiently long for allopatric mechanisms to leave detectable traces. Reproductive barriers may temporarily disappear causing frequent mitochondrial or nuclear introgressions. As a result, intermediary forms of organisms of unclear taxonomic identity are a common occurrence. Another interesting feature is a practically absolute absence of evidence for co-evolution even of ecologically tightly connected organisms.Key words: Lake Baikal; biodiversity; speciation.Байкал и населяющая его фауна стали объектом систематических эволюционных исследований более века назад. По мере разви-тия методического арсенала биологии практически все подходы были использованы и для выяснения происхождения населения Байкала. Настоящий обзор посвящен в основном итогам примене-ния методов фолекулярной филогенетики. Исключительное таксономическое богатство озера, колоссальное разнообразие биотопов и большой объем знаний о самых разных аспектах функ-ционирования байкальской экосистемы позволяют исследо вать такие детали механизмов видообразования, которые в дру гих обстоятельствах гораздо менее доступны. Главные общие черты современных эволюционных процессов в богатых видами груп-пах беспозвоночных состоят в том, что, во-первых, большинство из них молодо относительно Байкала, во-вторых, в том, что видо-образование происходит симпатрически, поскольку, несмотря на свои размеры, геологическая история Байкала лишена эпизо-дов его подразделенности, достаточно долговременной для алло-патрического видообразования. Репродуктивные барьеры, скорее всего, образовались в соответствии с довольно сложными сцена-риями, которые формировались под действием глобальных кли-матических процессов. Это приводило к ядерным и митохонд ри-альным интрогрессиям. Возможно, в результате этого в Байкале широко распространены переходные формы организмов, а так со-номический статус многих из них определить очень сложно. Интересной особенностью также оказалось практически полное отсутствие экспериментальных свидетельств коэволюции видов, экологичес...

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How do variations in seasonality affect population cycles?

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Theoretical impacts of habitat loss and generalist predation on predator–prey cycles

Theoretical impacts of habitat loss and generalist predation on predator–prey cycles

Ilkka Hanski and Small Mammals: from Shrew Metapopulations to Vole and Lemming Cycles

Recent results of molecularphylogenetic studies of endemic invertebrates inhabiting Lake Baikal

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