How does 2D and 3D of urban morphology affect the seasonal land surface temperature in Island City? A block-scale perspective

Zhu, Zhiping; Shen, Yuanping; Fu, Weicong; Zheng, Dulai; Huang, Peilin; Li, Junyi; Lan, Yuxiang; Chen, Ziru; Liu, Qunyue; Xu, Xiaojun; Yao, Xiong

doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110221

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Three-dimensional landscape ecological assessment can not only evaluate the urban heat island effect and sunlight distribution but also the visual aesthetics and residents' and tourists' perceptions of urban landscapes. Similar studies have been conducted on fewer islands [43,52,53]. The common point of these studies is that their study areas are small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Measuring the Multi-Scale Landscape Pattern of China’s Largest Archipelago from a Dual-3D Perspective Based on Remote Sensing

Qu,

Chi,

Gao

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Measuring the landscape pattern from a three-dimensional perspective is of great significance for comprehensively revealing the complex spatial characteristics of island ecosystems. However, the archipelago composed of rocky islands has received little attention as its three-dimensional landscape characteristics are difficult to quantify. This study took the largest archipelago in China, the Zhoushan Archipelago, as the study area and constructed an island landscape pattern evaluation model from a dual-three-dimensional (dual-3D) perspective. The model divided the island into upper and lower layers, namely the surface landscape based on topography and the landscape elements above the surface (i.e., vegetation and buildings), and then evaluated their landscape patterns from a three-dimensional perspective, respectively. The landscape pattern model based on a dual-3D perspective and multiple scales achieved excellent results in the archipelago. First, the island landscape pattern was evaluated from three-dimensional perspectives, including human interference, landscape fragmentation, vegetation space, and building space. Second, landscape indices such as the human interference three-dimensional index (HITI), the landscape fragmentation three-dimensional index (LFTI), the vegetation three-dimensional index (VTI), and the building three-dimensional index (BTI) established at multiple spatial scales revealed spatial heterogeneity within and between islands. Environmental factors such as elevation, slope, and island area exhibited significant correlations with them. There were significant differences in landscape pattern indices between the two-dimensional (2D) and the three-dimensional (3D) perspectives, and high values were mainly distributed in areas with significant topographic changes and larger islands. In addition, as the evaluation unit increased, the landscape indices increased, and HITI became more responsive to the transitions from 2D to 3D, while LFTI was the opposite. Therefore, the multiscale landscape pattern measurement of China’s largest archipelago based on high-resolution remote sensing was carried out from three-dimensional perspectives to accurately reveal the spatial heterogeneity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Measuring the Multi-Scale Landscape Pattern of China’s Largest Archipelago from a Dual-3D Perspective Based on Remote Sensing

Qu,

Chi,

Gao

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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“…Some studies have tested the effect of the grid scale on LST estimation [18,20,21,37,38], with different conclusions regarding the optimal grid size. While this grid processing is natural due to the availability of satellite thermal infrared observations in grid format, it requires truncating the spatially continuous urban form into discrete pieces to align with the grid cells [47]. Urban planning and development occur at the site or block scale, typically encompassing street segments and natural corridors.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger building ground coverage is associated with increased LST, while increasing BH has a counteracting effect, leading to LST reduction [33,39]. This contrasting interaction of building geometry with LST is because the 2-D footprint of buildings is closely linked to thermal mass heat absorption and the reduction of green space, whereas the 3-D rise of buildings contributes to shading and wind funneling, which is often referred to as the urban canyon effect [47,68]. Taller buildings cast shadows and create wind channels that direct cold air through the streets, resulting in increased wind speeds and cooler temperatures compared to open areas with fewer obstructions to the wind flow [34,69].…”

Section: Effects Of Building Morphology On Seasonal Lstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Urban Morphology on Seasonal Land Surface Temperatures: Comparing Grid- and Block-Based Approaches

Jeon,

Park,

Guldmann

2023

IJGI

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Climate change is expected to result in increased occurrences of extreme weather events such as heat waves and cold spells. Urban planning responses are crucial for improving the capacity of cities and communities to deal with significant temperature variations across seasons. This study aims to investigate the relationship between urban temperature fluctuations and urban morphology throughout the four seasons. Through quadrant and statistical analyses, built-environment factors are identified that moderate or exacerbate seasonal land surface temperatures (LSTs). The focus is on Seoul, South Korea, as a case study, and seasonal LST values are calculated at both the grid (100 m × 100 m) and street block levels, incorporating factors such as vegetation density, land use patterns, albedo, two- and three-dimensional building forms, and gravity indices for large forests and water bodies. The quadrant analysis reveals a spatial segregation between areas demonstrating high LST adaptability (cooler summers and warmer winters) and those displaying LST vulnerability (hotter summers and colder winters), with significant differences in vegetation and building forms. Spatial regression analyses demonstrate that higher vegetation density and proximity to water bodies play key roles in moderating LSTs, leading to cooler summers and warmer winters. Building characteristics have a constant impact on LSTs across all seasons: horizontal expansion increases the LST, while vertical expansion reduces the LST. These findings are consistent for both grid- and block-level analyses. This study emphasizes the flexible role of the natural environment in moderating temperatures.

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“…It affects LST by altering the amount of solar radiation absorbed and stored by the city during the day, reducing the loss of long-wave radiation at night, reshaping the wind profile of urban canopies, lowering wind speeds, and reducing advection and turbulent heat dissipation [94]. According to the relevant studies [14][15][16][17]20,21,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][35][36][37], building mean height (BH), building area ratio (BA), building mean volume (BV), space congestion (SC), floor area ratio (FAR), and sky view factor (SVF) were used to represent block building form. Although BH, BA, and SVF are the parameters of LCZ classification, they are also important variables to characterize urban 3D morphology.…”

Section: Driving Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is to analyze the influence of the urban two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) built environment on the LST through a regression model. Some valid conclusions from established studies have revealed that normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) [10,11], normalized difference water index (NDWI) [12,13], building height [14,15], sky view factor [16,17], street canyon aspect ratio [18,19], and floor area ratio (FAR) [20,21] are negatively correlated with the LST. However, the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) [22,23], impervious surface [24,25], building density [26,27], building volume [28,29], space congestion [28,30], and distribution uniformity [28] are positively correlated with it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Impact of Urban Built Environment on Land Surface Temperature Considering Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity: A Perspective of Local Climate Zone

Zhao,

Qi,

Yan

et al. 2023

Land

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Thermal environment deterioration has seriously threatened urban habitat quality and urban sustainable development. The evolution of the urban built environment (UBE) is an important cause for urban thermal environment variation. However, the dynamic effect of the UBE on the land surface temperature (LST) is rarely studied by combining the local climate zone (LCZ) theory and spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Based on a case study of Beilin District in Xi’an, China, this paper identified LCZ types of Beilin District in 2010, 2015, and 2020 using the GIS method. It also analyzed the spatial–temporal characteristics of the LST in summer based on the remote sensing retrieval method and explored the effects of the built environment on the LST by Geodetector and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results showed the following: (1) The area share of dense building zones in Beilin District was greater than that of open building zones and natural surface zones, while the share of mid- and high-rise dense building zones continued to increase and the share of low-rise dense building zones continued to decrease during the study period. (2) The LST of different LCZ types in Beilin District was obviously different, and the LST of dense building zones was generally higher than that of open building zones and natural surface zones. Meanwhile, the LST of mid- and low-rise dense building zones increased gradually, and the LST of high-rise open building zones decreased gradually, but the overall warming area was obviously more than the cooling area. (3) The effects of the UBE factors on the LST varied greatly, with their interaction having an enhancement effect. The direct and interactive influence of the two-dimensional (2D) UBE indicators on the LST were greater than those of the three-dimensional (3D) indicators, but there was a gradual decrease in the force of the 2D indicators and a simultaneous diminution, enhancement, and invariance of the force of the 3D indicators. (4) Vegetation cover (VC) and floor area ratio (FAR) acted negatively, and the building height (BH) was changing from a positive to a negative role, with the average action intensity of VC changing from −0.27 to −0.15, FAR from −0.20 to −0.16, and BH from 0.05 to −0.04. The impervious surface area (ISA), building area (BA), and space congestion (SC) acted positively, with the average action intensity of the ISA changing from 0.12 to 0.20, BA from 0.12 to 0.19, and SC was stable at 0.04. The framework enables a deeper portrayal of LST changes in different LCZs, reflecting the direct and interactive effects of different UBE indicators on LST, as well as local variations in the impact effects and provides a basis for urban managers or planners to improve urban heat resilience.

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How does 2D and 3D of urban morphology affect the seasonal land surface temperature in Island City? A block-scale perspective

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

Measuring the Multi-Scale Landscape Pattern of China’s Largest Archipelago from a Dual-3D Perspective Based on Remote Sensing

Measuring the Multi-Scale Landscape Pattern of China’s Largest Archipelago from a Dual-3D Perspective Based on Remote Sensing

Impacts of Urban Morphology on Seasonal Land Surface Temperatures: Comparing Grid- and Block-Based Approaches

Dynamic Impact of Urban Built Environment on Land Surface Temperature Considering Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity: A Perspective of Local Climate Zone

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