How does a carbon tax affect Britain’s power generation composition?

Atherton, John; Xie, Wanni; Aditya, Leonardus Kevin; Zhou, Xiaochi; Karmakar, Gourab; Akroyd, Jethro; Mosbach, Sebastian; Lim, Mei Qi; Kraft, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117117

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The World Avatar project aims to create a dynamic world model that is generic and all-encompassing, with a focus so far geared toward the decarbonization of energy and the process industries (Pan et al, 2015(Pan et al, , 2016Kleinelanghorst et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017;Devanand et al, 2020Devanand et al, , 2021Atherton et al, 2021), Data-Centric Engineering e3-3 city planning (Chadzynski et al, 2021;von Richthofen et al, 2021), and chemistry (Krdzavac et al, 2019;Farazi et al, 2020a;Mosbach et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2021). The world model is implemented as a dynamic knowledge graph that is built using Semantic Web technologies.…”

Section: The World Avatarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The figure is overlaid by details of the crops grown within the Norfolk part of the flood region, in addition to data for the pipes, intakes, and offtakes to and from the national gas transmission system (Savage et al, 2022a) and power generation assets (Atherton et al, 2021), queried from the knowledge graph. The data are identified using a combination of geospatial queries based on the methods described in Section 4.2 and spatial analysis using geopandas (Jordahl et al, 2020) to identify the assets within the flood zone.…”

Section: Flood Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work to develop a dynamic-knowledge-graph-based Universal Digital Twin of the UK (Akroyd et al, 2021; CMCL Innovations, 2021) is ongoing. The digital twin currently includes a description of all the power plants in the UK (Atherton et al, 2021). Work to establish data pipelines to describe buildings (Chadzynski et al, 2021), the gas transmission network, geospatial climate data and the potential for solar and wind power in the UK is underway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universal Digital Twin: Land use

Akroyd

Harper

Soutar

et al. 2022

DCE

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This article develops an ontological description of land use and applies it to incorporate geospatial information describing land coverage into a knowledge-graph-based Universal Digital Twin. Sources of data relating to land use in the UK have been surveyed. The Crop Map of England (CROME) is produced annually by the UK Government and was identified as a valuable source of open data. Formal ontologies to represent land use and the geospatial data arising from such surveys have been developed. The ontologies have been deployed using a high-performance graph database. A customized vocabulary was developed to extend the geospatial capabilities of the graph database to support the CROME data. The integration of the CROME data into the Universal Digital Twin is demonstrated in two use cases that show the potential of the Universal Digital Twin to share data across sectors. The first use case combines data about land use with a geospatial analysis of scenarios for energy provision. The second illustrates how the Universal Digital Twin could use the land use data to support the cross-domain analysis of flood risk. Opportunities for the extension and enrichment of the ontologies, and further development of the Universal Digital Twin are discussed.

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Section: The World Avatarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flood Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universal Digital Twin: Land use

Akroyd

Harper

Soutar

et al. 2022

DCE

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“…The ability of the Semantic Web to support a distributed architecture and to represent and integrate heterogeneous data and models in a form that is discoverable and queryable via a uniform interface, combined with the ability of computational agents to input data, simulate the behavior of systems and provide output has led to the suggestion of dynamic knowledge graph technology providing a suitable architecture for implementing a Universal Digital Twin (Akroyd et al, 2021b). Recent work building on this idea has developed a description of land use (Akroyd et al, 2021a), investigated the effect of a carbon tax on the power system (Atherton et al, 2021), and assessed how the change in energy consumption patterns that would arise from the adoption of heat pumps for domestic heating would affect social inequality in the UK (Savage et al, 2022).…”

Section: The World Avatar Project and A Universal Digital Twinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The figure is overlaid by gas pipes, intakes and offtakes, and power generation assets (described previously, see Atherton et al (2021) queried from the knowledge graph. It is straightforward to use spatial analysis to identify the assets within the flood zone.…”

Section: Flood Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Digital Twin: Integration of national-scale energy systems and climate data

Savage

Akroyd

Mosbach

et al. 2022

DCE

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This article applies a knowledge graph-based approach to unify multiple heterogeneous domains inherent in climate and energy supply research. Existing approaches that rely on bespoke models with spreadsheet-type inputs are noninterpretable, static and make it difficult to combine existing domain specific models. The difficulties inherent to this approach become increasingly prevalent as energy supply models gain complexity while society pursues a net-zero future. In this work, we develop new ontologies to extend the World Avatar knowledge graph to represent gas grids, gas consumption statistics, and climate data. Using a combination of the new and existing ontologies we construct a Universal Digital Twin that integrates data describing the systems of interest and specifies respective links between domains. We represent the UK gas transmission system, and HadUK-Grid climate data set as linked data for the first time, formally associating the data with the statistical output areas used to report governmental administrative data throughout the UK. We demonstrate how computational agents contained within the World Avatar can operate on the knowledge graph, incorporating live feeds of data such as instantaneous gas flow rates, as well as parsing information into interpretable forms such as interactive visualizations. Through this approach, we enable a dynamic, interpretable, modular, and cross-domain representation of the UK that enables domain specific experts to contribute toward a national-scale digital twin.

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