How Does a Simple Network of Chemical Oscillators See the Japanese Flag?

Górecki, Jerzy; Bose, A.

doi:10.3389/fchem.2020.580703

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…It seems that oscillator networks require a smaller number of nodes than standard neural networks to achieve the same accuracy. The results presented in Gorecki and Bose (2020) indicate that just three oscillators can solve a geometrical problem of how a point from a unit square is located with respect to a disk placed at the square center with 95% accuracy. The fact that just a few oscillators can perform a complex information processing function, confirmed by the results for schizophrenia diagnostics reported in this paper, opens the door for experimental realization of chemical instant machines with systems of interacting oscillators reported in the literature Juan Manuel et al (2020) ; Vanag and Yasuk (2018) ; Vanag.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Computing With Networks of Chemical Oscillators and its Application for Schizophrenia Diagnosis

Bose

Górecki

2022

Front. Chem.

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Chemical reactions are responsible for information processing in living organisms, yet biomimetic computers are still at the early stage of development. The bottom-up design strategy commonly used to construct semiconductor information processing devices is not efficient for chemical computers because the lifetime of chemical logic gates is usually limited to hours. It has been demonstrated that chemical media can efficiently perform a specific function like labyrinth search or image processing if the medium operates in parallel. However, the number of parallel algorithms for chemical computers is very limited. Here we discuss top-down design of such algorithms for a network of chemical oscillators that are coupled by the exchange of reaction activators. The output information is extracted from the number of excitations observed on a selected oscillator. In our model of a computing network, we assume that there is an external factor that can suppress oscillations. This factor can be applied to control the nodes and introduce input information for processing by a network. We consider the relationship between the number of oscillation nodes and the network accuracy. Our analysis is based on computer simulations for a network of oscillators described by the Oregonator model of a chemical oscillator. As the example problem that can be solved with an oscillator network, we consider schizophrenia diagnosis on the basis of EEG signals recorded using electrodes located at the patient’s scalp. We demonstrated that a network formed of interacting chemical oscillators can process recorded signals and help to diagnose a patient. The parameters of considered networks were optimized using an evolutionary algorithm to achieve the best results on a small training dataset of EEG signals recorded from 45 ill and 39 healthy patients. For the optimized networks, we obtained over 82% accuracy of schizophrenia detection on the training dataset. The diagnostic accuracy can be increased to almost 87% if the majority rule is applied to answers of three networks with different number of nodes.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Computing With Networks of Chemical Oscillators and its Application for Schizophrenia Diagnosis

Bose

Górecki

2022

Front. Chem.

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“…7, 8) and all beads on the right (No. 4,5,6) are Dowex 50W-X8 with mesh size 16-50. First three electric potential steps φ 1 = 0.0 V, φ 2 = − 1.5 V, φ 3 = 0.0 V do not induce oscillations inside any ferroin loaded Dowex beads in this experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though they are several orders slower than modern siliconbased computers, they also offer multithreading and in the most of the cases neural network architecture. Liquid computers are not designed to work with the binary information coding, but yet they can effectively solve many problems, like for example the pattern recognition ones [3,4]. Current silicon technology in cell phones also offers computing in neural processing units (NPUs) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BZ reaction can be influenced by light [4,27], sound [28], and electric potential [29,30]. We are currently interested in the latest because the electrical interface using a potentiostat can switch between the regimes of travelling waves (TW) or global oscillations (GO) [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this paper is to identify a variant of BZ-reaction proceeding in Dowex bead system can be useful for the future development of chemical computers. A number of recent theoretical papers [4,[34][35][36] is concerned with computing potential of networks formed by coupled chemical oscillators. In such network the input information is introduced by time dependent inhibition of oscillations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of the best medium for experiments on chemical computation with Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction and ferroin-loaded Dowex beads

Muzika

Górecki

2022

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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Our study is focused on identification of the best medium for future experiments on information processing with Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction proceeding in Dowex beads with immobilized catalyst inside. The optimum medium should be characterized by long and stable nonlinear behavior, mechanical stability and should allow for control with electric potential. We considered different types of Dowex ion-exchange resins, bead distributions and various initial concentrations of substrates: malonic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedione. The electric potential on platinum electrodes, stabilized by a potentiostat is used to control medium evolution. A negative electric potential generates activator species HBrO2 on the working electrode according to the reaction: BrO3− + 2e− + 3H+ → HBrO2 + H2O, while positive electric potential attracts inhibitor species Br− to the proximity of it. We study oscillation amplitude and period stability in systems with ferroin loaded Dowex 50W-X2 and Dowex 50W-X8 beads during experiments exceeding 16 h. It has been observed, that the above mentioned resins generate a smaller number of CO2 bubbles close to the beads than Dowex 50W-X4, which makes Dowex 50W-X2 and Dowex 50W-X8 more suitable for applications in chemical computing. We report amplitude stability, oscillation frequency, merging and annihilation of travelling waves in a lattice of Dowex 50W-X8 beads (mesh size 50–100) in over 19 h long experiments with equimolar solution of malonic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedione. This system looks as a promising candidate for chemical computing devices that can operate for a day.

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Coupled X-ray Absorption/UV-vis Monitoring of a Prototypical Oscillating Reaction

Tavani,

Frateloreto,

Del Giudice

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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Oscillating reactions are among the most intriguing phenomena in chemistry, but many questions on their mechanisms still remain unanswered, due to their intrinsic complexity and to the low sensitivity of the most common spectroscopic techniques toward the reaction brominated species. In this work, we investigate the cerium ion-catalyzed Belousov−Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillating reaction by means of time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), in combination with UV-vis spectroscopy and unsupervised machine learning, multivariate curve resolution, and kinetic analyses. Altogether, we provide new insights into the collective oscillatory behavior of the key brominated species involved in the classical BZ reaction and measure previously unreported oscillations in their concentrations through Br K-edge XAS, while simultaneously tracking the oscillatory Ce 4+ -to-Ce 3+ transformation by coupling XAS with UV-vis spectroscopy. Our work evidences the potential of the XAS technique to investigate the mechanisms of oscillatory chemical systems whose species are often not detectable with conventional experimental methods.

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How Does a Simple Network of Chemical Oscillators See the Japanese Flag?

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Computing With Networks of Chemical Oscillators and its Application for Schizophrenia Diagnosis

Computing With Networks of Chemical Oscillators and its Application for Schizophrenia Diagnosis

Identification of the best medium for experiments on chemical computation with Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction and ferroin-loaded Dowex beads

Coupled X-ray Absorption/UV-vis Monitoring of a Prototypical Oscillating Reaction

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