How does cannabidiol (CBD) influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in humans? A systematic review

Freeman, Abigail M.; Petrilli, Kat; Lees, Rachel; Hindocha, Chandni; Mokrysz, Claire; Curran, H. Valerie; Saunders, Rob; Freeman, Tom P

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.036

Cited by 173 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, a lower age of onset of cannabis use [17,19,21] and the use of more potent types of cannabis, with higher THC and lower cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations [22,28], have been shown to further increase the risk of psychosis. CBD is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid compound that may attenuate some of the negative effects associated with cannabis use [29][30][31]. The genetic profile of cannabis users has also been implicated as a moderator of the association between cannabis use and the development of psychosis [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Moderating the Association between Cannabis Use and Psychosis Risk: A Systematic Review

2020

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Increasing evidence indicates a relationship between cannabis use and psychosis risk. Specific factors, such as determinants of cannabis use or the genetic profile of cannabis users, appear to moderate this association. The present systematic review presents a detailed and up-to-date literature overview on factors that influence the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis risk. A systematic search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines in MEDLINE and Embase, and 56 studies were included. The results show that, in particular, frequent cannabis use, especially daily use, and the consumption of high-potency cannabis are associated with a higher risk of developing psychosis. Moreover, several genotypes moderate the impact of cannabis use on psychosis risk, particularly those involved in the dopamine function, such as AKT1. Finally, cannabis use is associated with an earlier psychosis onset and increased risk of transition in individuals at a clinical high risk of psychosis. These findings indicate that changing cannabis use behavior could be a harm reduction strategy employed to lower the risk of developing psychosis. Future research should aim to further develop specific biomarkers and genetic profiles for psychosis, thereby contributing to the identification of individuals at the highest risk of developing a psychotic disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Moderating the Association between Cannabis Use and Psychosis Risk: A Systematic Review

2020

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“…16 However, the quality of CBD products has been found to be inconsistent; hence the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tested the chemical content of cannabinoid compounds in some products, and, not surprisingly, they found many products did not contain the levels of CBD claimed in their labeling. 17 A recent systematic review suggested that CBD may interact with some acute effects of THC. However, the findings were mixed (as CBD did not consistently influence the effects of THC across all studies and outcomes), although CBD was found to reduce the effects of THC in several of the reviewed studies.…”

Section: What Type Of Products Might Be Available?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is noteworthy that these products do not always meet the quality standards acceptable by the pharmaceutical industry. 17 Therefore, in our view the MCI should aim to develop products (oral or parenteral) with standardized content, a characterized manufacturing process, and a defined shelf-life. These products should also be supported by valid clinical studies proving their safety and efficacy.…”

Section: What Type Of Products Might Be Available?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the Accessibility Gap of Cannabinoid Medicine and Arabic Culture

Robinson¹,

Ritter²,

Zadik-Weiss³

et al. 2020

Rambam Maimonides Med J

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Arabs are a large minority group in the Israeli society. With the increasing use of medical cannabis throughout Israel due to changing governmental policies, the interactions of the Arab society with medical cannabis becomes of scientific and medical relevance. Recreational cannabis use is considered haram (forbidden) in Islam. However, most religious scholars agree that medical cannabis usage might be justified as zarurat (emergency and life-saving, therefore allowed) use. Obstacles to medical cannabis use within the Arabic population may relate to language barrier and/or cultural barriers. There are few Arabic-speaking web-based medical-cannabis support groups, and little official information about it is available in the Arabic language. In order for the full benefits of medical cannabis to reach the entire Israeli population, a govern- Cannabis Accessibility Gap in Arabic CultureRambam Maimonides Medical Journal 2 January 2020  Volume 11  Issue 1  e0010 ment-sponsored web-based educational program is necessary in Hebrew and Arabic, both of which are among the nation's official languages, thereby contributing to the equalization of health resource accessibility.

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“…Dans une étude américaine récente, trois fumeurs de cannabis sur 10 remplissent les critères d'un trouble lié à l'usage de cannabis selon les critères du DSM-IV et, la prévalence du trouble lié à l'usage de cannabis évalué sur l'année dernière a doublé chez les adultes américains depuis 2001 [46]. À l'inverse, le cannabidiol pourrait avoir des propriétés « protectrices » [47] mais les résultats à ce jour restent controversés [48,49]. En particulier, un essai a suggéré l'intérêt du CBD pour atténuer les troubles psychotiques [50] mais une autre étude a obtenu des résultats négatifs [51].…”

Section: Complications Psychiatriquesunclassified

Cannabis et neurodéveloppement

Krebs¹,

Demars²,

Frajerman³

et al. 2020

Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine

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Le développement cérébral est un phénomène complexe, qui s'étend de la vie foetale à l'adolescence, pendant laquelle la maturation cérébrale suit une série d'événements ordonnés incluant des périodes critiques de plasticité. Le cerveau est particulièrement sensible à l'environnement pendant ces remaniements. Le système endocannabinoïde participe directement et indirectement à ces processus de plasticité et de maturation. Le delta-9tetrahydrocanabinol, principal composant psychoactif du cannabis, diffuse dans le placenta, le lait maternel et le cerveau. Il interagit avec le système endocannabinoïde, notamment par l'activation des récepteurs aux cannabinoïdes 1 CB1R, ce qui peut entraîner des altérations du neurodéveloppement et du fonctionnement des circuits neuronaux. Par conséquent, l'exposition au cannabis in utero, en période périnatale ainsi qu'à l'adolescence est susceptible d'entraîner des perturbations de la maturation cérébrale dont les conséquences, sur le plan cognitif, psychotique et addictif, persistent bien au-delà de la période d'exposition. Plusieurs facteurs modulent le risque de telles complications mais les études réalisées sur des modèles animaux ainsi que chez l'homme ont montré qu'une exposition durant les phases critiques, en particulier durant la phase de développement périnatal et à l'adolescence, constitue en soi un facteur de risque. Les données actuelles incitent à diffuser une information objective aux jeunes, pour prévenir et limiter les consommations précoces. © 2020 Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS au nom de l'Académie nationale de médecine. ଝ Étant donné le contexte sanitaire épidémique lié au Covid-19 du mois de mars 2020, la présentation orale de cette communication en séance à l'Académie a été reportée.Summary. -Brain development is a complex phenomenon, stretching from fetal life to adolescence, during which brain maturation proceeds through a series of ordered events including critical periods of plasticity. The brain is particularly sensitive to the environment during these changes. The endocannabinoid system participates directly and indirectly in these plasticity and maturation processes. The main psychoactive component of cannabis, the delta-9-tetrahydrocanabinol, can cross the placental barrier, is present in breastmilk and diffuses in the brain. It interacts with the endocannabinoid signaling, especially through the activation of cannabinoid receptors 1 CB1R, which can lead to abnormal neurodevelopmental processes and neuronal circuits functions. Therefore, exposure to cannabis in utero, in perinatal phase, as well as during the adolescence disrupts the brain maturation and can cause disturbances on the cognitive, psychotic and addictive levels that persist far beyond the period of exposure. Several factors modulate the risk of such complications, but studies performed in animal models as well as in human cohorts have shown that exposure during both the critical perinatal and adolescence phases is a risk factor per se. Current knowledge encourages the dissemination of obje...

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How does cannabidiol (CBD) influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in humans? A systematic review

Cited by 173 publications

References 132 publications

Factors Moderating the Association between Cannabis Use and Psychosis Risk: A Systematic Review

Factors Moderating the Association between Cannabis Use and Psychosis Risk: A Systematic Review

Bridging the Accessibility Gap of Cannabinoid Medicine and Arabic Culture

Cannabis et neurodéveloppement

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