How Does Clinical Supervision Work? Using a “Best Evidence Synthesis” Approach to Construct a Basic Model of Supervision

Milne, Derek; Aylott, Helen; Fitzpatrick, Helen; Ellis, Michael V.

doi:10.1080/07325220802487915

Cited by 151 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This would require the testing of logic models based on theoretical development which link organisational context and the provision of a clearly defined model of supervision to direct practice and consumer outcomes. Milne et al (2008) present one approach to understanding how supervision 'works' based on a review of evidence mainly from residential services for people with intellectual disability. The review is very useful in identifying contextual and process variables leading to outcomes for practitioners, however, their model stops short of outcomes for consumers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surprisingly weak evidence base for supervision: Findings from a systematic review of research in child welfare practice (2000–2012)

Carpenter¹,

Webb²,

Bostock

2013

Children and Youth Services Review

104

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Highlights This systematic review found no high quality evidence for outcomes of supervision. Study designs are weak and samples limited; supervision is rarely defined. Supervision is associated with worker satisfaction, self-efficacy and lower stress. AbstractObjective: The objective of this study is to ascertain what is known about the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of supervision in child welfare in relation to outcomes for consumers/service users, staff and organizations.Method: This is a systematic review of the English language literature (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). Scoping study followed by database searches of indexes and abstracts including Campbell Collaboration, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Medline, PsycInfo and Social Work Abstracts, journal hosts (EBSCO and IngentaConnect) plus specialist journals. Inclusion criteria: studies that reported on the associations between the provision of supervision and outcomes for service users/consumers, workers and organisations as well as intervention studies. Potentially relevant studies were independently screened by two reviewers (Stage 1) and if meeting the eligibility criteria proceed to full text review and data extraction (Stage 2). Studies were subject to critical appraisal using the Weight of Evidence approach (Stage 3). An analysis of included study characteristics is followed by a narrative synthesis of findings structured to answer the research objective.Results: 690 unique studies were identified at Stage 1, 35 proceeded to Stage 2 and, following quality appraisal, 21 were included in the review. Almost all the studies were cross-sectional, providing evidence of associations between the provision of supervision and a variety of outcomes for workers, including job satisfaction, self-efficacy and stress and for organisations, including workload management, case analysis and retention. There was only one, poorly reported, intervention study and no studies of outcomes for consumers. No economic evaluations were found. Conclusions:The evidence base for the effectiveness of supervision in child welfare is surprisingly weak. An agenda for research based on a framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions is proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surprisingly weak evidence base for supervision: Findings from a systematic review of research in child welfare practice (2000–2012)

Carpenter¹,

Webb²,

Bostock

2013

Children and Youth Services Review

104

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“…There is however limited empirical research into the nature and effectiveness of supervisory practice in social work (Bruce and Austin 2001). Milne (2008) reviewed the empirical research publications and, using the best evidence synthesis method, identified only 24 peer-reviewed articles on the impact of supervision. Yoo (2005) found only 34 research reports between 1950, and Bogo and McKnight (2005 found 22 studies, mostly small-scale, between1994 and 2004, half of which were published outside the USA.…”

Section: Professional Supervisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Social Work Professional Supervision in Conditions of Uncertainty

Bourn

Hafford‐Letchfield²

2011

The International Journal of Knowledge, Culture, and Change Man

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“…This was unexpected, because following training and feedback, observation was the third most common approach to CS found in a systematic review. 27 It has also been reported that the supervisory relationship with less-experienced staff tends to be more directive and is more likely to include observation of practice, but that supervision of more experienced therapists is described as collegial and cooperative, 28 with less emphasis on observation. We suggest that further study is needed to determine the role of observation of practice in CS, including consideration of the level of experience of the supervisee.…”

Section: Content Of Clinical Supervisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical supervision for allied health staff: necessary but not sufficient

Leggat

Phillips

Pearce

et al. 2016

Aust. Health Review

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Objectives. The aim of the present study was to explore the perspectives of allied health professionals on appropriate content for effective clinical supervision of staff.Methods. A set of statements regarding clinical supervision was identified from the literature and confirmed through a Q-sort process. The final set was administered as an online survey to 437 allied health professionals working in two Australian health services.Results. Of the 120 respondents, 82 had experienced six or more clinical supervision sessions and were included in the analysis. Respondents suggested that clinical supervision was beneficial to both staff and patients, and was distinct from line management performance monitoring and development. Curiously, some of the respondents did not agree that observation of the supervisee's clinical practice was an aspect of clinical supervision.Conclusions. Although clinical supervision is included as a pillar of clinical governance, current practice may not be effective in addressing clinical risk. Australian health services need clear organisational policies that outline the relationship between supervisor and supervisee, the role and responsibilities of managers, the involvement of patients and the types of situations to be communicated to the line managers.What is known about the topic? Clinical supervision for allied health professionals is an essential component of clinical governance and is aimed at ensuring safe and high-quality care. However, there is varied understanding of the relationship between clinical supervision and performance management. What does this paper add? This paper provides the perspectives of allied health professionals who are experienced as supervisors or who have experienced supervision. The findings suggest a clear role for clinical supervision that needs to be better recognised within organisational policy and procedure. What are the implications for practitioners? Supervisors and supervisees must remember their duty of care and ensure compliance with organisational policies in their clinical supervisory practices.

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How Does Clinical Supervision Work? Using a “Best Evidence Synthesis” Approach to Construct a Basic Model of Supervision

Cited by 151 publications

References 60 publications

The surprisingly weak evidence base for supervision: Findings from a systematic review of research in child welfare practice (2000–2012)

The surprisingly weak evidence base for supervision: Findings from a systematic review of research in child welfare practice (2000–2012)

The Role of Social Work Professional Supervision in Conditions of Uncertainty

Clinical supervision for allied health staff: necessary but not sufficient

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