How Does Epstein–Barr Virus Contribute to Chronic Periodontitis?

Imai, Kenichi; Ogata, Yorimasa

doi:10.3390/ijms21061940

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Regarding the prevalence of CMV, this virus could increase the severity of periodontitis. 23 Although the present study did not obtain significant results for the presence of Porphyromonas intermedia together with CMV as it was found only in 8% of the analyzed literature, periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (28%) and Tannerella forsythia (16%) stand out. These findings are consistent with those of Imbronito et al, 24 suggesting that CMV and Tannerella forsythia coinfection is more prevalent in patients with chronic periodontitis than in periodontally healthy individuals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…These findings are consistent with those of Imbronito et al, 24 suggesting that CMV and Tannerella forsythia coinfection is more prevalent in patients with chronic periodontitis than in periodontally healthy individuals. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Regarding HSV, Kazi et al,12 detected the presence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in patients with severe chronic periodontitis, reporting a prevalence of HSV-1 in 52% of the cases, and HSV-2 in 56%. In this review, HSV was the virus least studied in the articles, being found only in 10 publications, although, paradoxically, it has a prevalence of 40%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between chronic periodontitis and herpes viruses: A review of the literature.

et al. 2020

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Objective: This research aims to analyze the available spe-cialized literature concerning the association between Herpesviruses [Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), Herpes Simplex virus (HSV)] and chronic periodontitis to clarify the possible role of these microorganisms in the progression and severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: A search for scientific articles was carried out in March 2019 in the main metasearch engines: PubMed /MEDLINE, SciELO, EBSCO, and the Trip search engine, to select articles according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The analysis of the articles was carried out through a data matrix expressed in frequency tables using descriptive statistics with measures of central tendency, dispersion, and correlation. Results: The results of this study show that the presence of CMV, EBV, and HSV in patients with chronic periodontitis is related to an increase in clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PD), clinical insertion loss (CIL) and bleeding on probing (BOP), in 96%, 60% and 40% of the studies, respectively, for HCMV; 96.55% (PD), 51.72% (CIL), and 48.28% (BOP) for EBV, and 80% (PD), 90% (CIL), and 60% (BOP) for HSV. The average prevalence of EBV, HCMV, and HSV was 46.3%, 35.4%, and 40.1%, respectively. Conclusions: EBV, CMV, and HSV could be associated with the progression and severity of periodontal disease as they are related to a greater probing depth, greater clinical insertion loss, and greater bleeding on probing. EBV presented a higher prevalence in the reviewed literature. More clinical studies are needed to verify a direct relationship between EBV, HSV, CMV, and periodontal disease, to confirm the trends observed in this work.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between chronic periodontitis and herpes viruses: A review of the literature.

et al. 2020

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“…EBV produces EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) and latent membrane protein (LMP) gene products during latency. These include EBNA1, EBNA2, EBNA3A, EBNA3B, EBNA3C, EBNA leader protein, LMP1, and LMP2, which mediate the transforming role of EBV in B cells [ 10 ].…”

Section: Ebv Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr Virus-Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer: A Unique and Curious Disease Entity

Ikeda

Gion

Nishimura

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) was first described as a lymphoproliferative disorder in 2010. EBVMCU is a unifocal mucosal or cutaneous ulcer that often occurs after local trauma in patients with immunosuppression; the patients generally have a good prognosis. It is histologically characterized by proliferating EBV-positive atypical B cells accompanied by ulcers. On the basis of conventional pathologic criteria, EBVMCU may be misdiagnosed as EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or other lymphomas. However, its prognosis differs from that of EBV-associated lymphomas, in that patients with EBVMCU frequently show spontaneous regression or complete remission without chemotherapy. Therefore, EBVMCU is now recognized as a low-grade malignancy or a pseudo-malignant lesion. Avoiding unnecessary chemotherapy by distinguishing EBVMCU from other EBV-associated lymphomas will reduce the burden and unnecessary harm on patients. On the basis of these facts, EBVMCU was first described as a new clinicopathological entity by the World Health Organization in 2017. In this review, we discuss the clinicopathological characteristics of previously reported EBVMCU cases, while focusing on up-to-date clinical, pathological, and genetic aspects.

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“…Periodontitis is a poli-microbial disease triggered by dysbiosis of the oral biota. Although the mouth harbors distinct habitats comprising one of the most diverse microbial communities of the human body, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis are key low-abundance periodontal bacteria that, when over-grown, can bring these ecosystems to a dysbiotic state, particularly the gingiva [ 183 ]. An association between EBV and P. gingivalis in juvenile periodontitis has also been suggested [ 184 ].…”

Section: Ebv Interactions With Oral Bacteria May Facilitate Viral Transmission and Promote Periodontal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Coinfections in the EBV–Host Broken Equilibrium

Sánchez-Ponce

Fuentes‐Pananá

2021

Viruses

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The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a well-adapted human virus, and its infection is exclusive to our species, generally beginning in the childhood and then persisting throughout the life of most of the affected adults. Although this infection generally remains asymptomatic, EBV can trigger life-threatening conditions under unclear circumstances. The EBV lifecycle is characterized by interactions with other viruses or bacteria, which increases the probability of awakening its pathobiont capacity. For instance, EBV infects B cells with the potential to alter the germinal center reaction (GCR)—an adaptive immune structure wherein mutagenic-driven processes take place. HIV- and Plasmodium falciparum-induced B cell hyperactivation also feeds the GCR. These agents, along with the B cell tropic KSHV, converge in the ontogeny of germinal center (GC) or post-GC lymphomas. EBV oral transmission facilitates interactions with local bacteria and HPV, thereby increasing the risk of periodontal diseases and head and neck carcinomas. It is less clear as to how EBV is localized in the stomach, but together with Helicobacter pylori, they are known to be responsible for gastric cancer. Perhaps this mechanism is reminiscent of the local inflammation that attracts different herpesviruses and enhances graft damage and chances of rejection in transplanted patients. In this review, we discussed the existing evidence suggestive of EBV possessing the potential to synergize or cooperate with these agents to trigger or worsen the disease.

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How Does Epstein–Barr Virus Contribute to Chronic Periodontitis?

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Association between chronic periodontitis and herpes viruses: A review of the literature.

Association between chronic periodontitis and herpes viruses: A review of the literature.

Epstein–Barr Virus-Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer: A Unique and Curious Disease Entity

The Role of Coinfections in the EBV–Host Broken Equilibrium

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