How does land use/cover influence gully head retreat rates? An in‐situ simulation experiment of rainfall and upstream inflow in the gullied loess region, China

Kang, Hongliang; Wang, Wenlong; Guo, Mingming; Li, Jianming

doi:10.1002/ldr.3892

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Additionally, its lower part gradually formed an overhang and then gradually lost stability and collapsed. The above collapse process was consistent with the results of (Kang et al, 2021). During the collapse process, another interesting phenomenon was observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In terms of runoff, the main types of collapse in the BL were divided into two types: headwall collapse and gully bank collapse (Figure 14). Headwall collapse was primarily caused by runoff scouring at the bottom of the headwall, which caused the headwall to overhang and then collapse (Kang et al, 2021). Gully bank collapse was caused by concentrated runoff scouring the bottom of the gully bank, which caused the gully bank to overhang and then collapse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of grass density on the runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment yield in gully headcut erosion processes

Feng

Wang

Guo

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Vegetation plays a crucial role in gully headcut erosion. However, little is known about how grass influences runoff hydraulics, soil erosion and headcut erosion processes. A series of rainfall and scouring experiments were conducted on four plots to elucidate the effect of the density of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn (planting spaces: 20 × 20 cm2, GA1; 15 × 15 cm2, GA2; 10 × 10 cm2, GA3; bare land as control, BL) on runoff hydraulics and soil erosion during gully headcut erosion. The velocity, Reynolds number (Re), runoff shear force (τ) and stream power (ω) of the BL increased exponentially with time (P < 0.01). However, for the grassland, most parameters increased linearly with time (P < 0.01). The Froude number (Fr) of the BL and grassland significantly decreased linearly and exponentially, respectively, with time (P < 0.01). For τ, the grass tableland needed to develop for a period of time to restrain it. The runoff of the BL tableland and gully head was supercritical turbulent, while that of the grassland was more dispersed. The existence of a gully head increased the jet velocity by 2.97%–67.19%, which increased the dispersion degree of the runoff. The runoff energy showed a significant exponential increase with time (P < 0.05). Compared with that of the BL, the energy consumption of the runoff from the grassland increased by 4.10%–31.81%. During gully headcut erosion, the BL was primarily cut down to the tableland by runoff, while the grassland was cut down to the headwall by on‐wall flow. As the density increased, the benefit of sediment reduction increased, reaching a maximum of 66.79%. The collapse of the BL primarily occurred in the upper part of the headwall during the early experimental stage. The frequency and space–time ranges of the collapse of the grassland were larger than those of the BL. The gravity erosion types of the BL were headwall collapse and gully bank collapse, while those of the grasslands were headwall collapse and root‐soil composite collapse.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of grass density on the runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment yield in gully headcut erosion processes

Feng

Wang

Guo

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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“…It is generally found that human activities accelerated gully erosion mainly by destroying vegetation and changing land use (Kang, Wang, et al, 2021; Poesen, 2018; Shellberg, 2021; Wen et al, 2021). But in this research, human activities reduced the gully quantitative characteristics of AF to a certain extent (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gully development includes headcut retreat, sidewall collapse, and bed downcutting (Harvey, 1992). Gully erosion is affected by many influencing factors, including soil, lithology, climate, topography, vegetation, and human activities (Kang, Wang, et al, 2021; Poesen, 2018; Shellberg, 2021; Wen et al, 2021). As the materials of gully erosion, soil and lithology determine the erodibility (Poesen, 2018; Zhu et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gully erosion on alluvial fans can be mitigated by altering the hydrological connectivity between an alluvial fan and the contributing catchment: a study in the Lhasa River basin

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2022

Land Degrad Dev

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In the Lower Lhasa River basin of the Tibetan Plateau, gully erosion poses a threat to alluvial fans (AF), which are the main available land resource for agriculture. Runoff from the whole contributing catchment is concentrated in AF, which makes influencing factors of AF gully erosion more complex than it is for hillslopes. There is a lack of quantitative research about the influencing factors and mechanisms of AF gully erosion. The main objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify gully erosion on AF; and (2) identify the controlling factors of gully erosion on AF. The gullies of 12 AF were investigated by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). To help understand better the gully erosion on AF, nine morphological parameters were measured, four gully quantitative characteristics were calculated, and 16 factors affecting the gully erosion on AF were analyzed. The gully width–depth ratio of over 20 on the studied AF is larger than that usually seen in other regions. The mean value of gully amount density (GAD), gully density (GD), the degree of gully dissection (GDD), and gully volume modulus (GVM) were 26.51 km−2, 4.93 km·km−2, 7.16%, and 1.28 × 10−4 km3·km−2, respectively. Linear correlations showed a significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the gully quantitative characteristics of AF and the catchment gully density. So, catchment gully density may indirectly affect gully erosion on AF by influencing hydrological connectivity and then changing generation and confluence processes of runoff in catchment. Therefore, gully erosion on AF can be mitigated by shifting hydrology pathway on AF and reducing hydrological connectivity in contributing catchment.

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“…Torri and Poesen [17] stated the significant effect of land use on the initiation of gully erosion, but Hayas et al [14] and Vandekerckhove et al [18] reported that land use had no or little effect. In fact, the land use / cover was closely related to vegetation traits, so the effect of land use/cover on gully erosion was also dependent on vegetation type, cultivation technics, root traits, and especially the extent and architecture of its root systems [19][20][21]. For example, Guo et al [16] suggested that the roots with diameters of 0-0.5 mm had greater effects on soil loss and morphological evolution of gully headcut erosion than roots with larger diameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Distribution and Soil Properties of Gully Heads and Their Effects on Headcut Migration in the Mollisols Region of Northeast China

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2022

Land

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Previous studies have proved that root distribution along gully headwalls greatly alters soil properties and further affects the soil erodibility of gully heads. However, it is not clear whether the gully headcut migration is affected by root distribution and soil properties. Five representative gullies developed in different land uses were selected to clarify the variations of root distribution and soil properties and their effects on headcut migration in the rainy season (May to October 2021) in the Mollisols region of northeast China. Results showed that the 68.4%–93.3% of root mass density and 65.6–88.5% of root length density were concentrated in 0–30 cm soil layer of gully heads, and the roots of <2.0 mm accounted for >85%. The gullies developed in farmlands had relatively higher soil compactness, shear strength and aggregate stability, but lower organic matter (OMC), disintegration capacity and soil permeability than those developed in woodlands, unpaved roads in farmland and stable gully-beds. Changes in soil properties of gully heads were closely related to root density. The linear, areal, and volumetric migration rate of gully heads varied greatly and were 1.07–35.11 m yr−1, 28.95–562.46 m2 yr−1 and 56.82–6626.37 m3 yr−1, respectively, with the average of 9.07 m yr−1, 156.92 m2 yr−1 and 1503.02 m3 yr−1, respectively. The change in headcut migration rate was significantly affected by root density, soil properties and drainage area, of which soil texture, OMC, soil aggregate structure, and the drainage area were the critical factors influencing headcut migration in the Mollisols region of northeast China.

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How does land use/cover influence gully head retreat rates? An in‐situ simulation experiment of rainfall and upstream inflow in the gullied loess region, China

Cited by 13 publications

References 76 publications

Effects of grass density on the runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment yield in gully headcut erosion processes

Effects of grass density on the runoff hydraulic characteristics and sediment yield in gully headcut erosion processes

Gully erosion on alluvial fans can be mitigated by altering the hydrological connectivity between an alluvial fan and the contributing catchment: a study in the Lhasa River basin

Root Distribution and Soil Properties of Gully Heads and Their Effects on Headcut Migration in the Mollisols Region of Northeast China

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