“…The introduction of Google's Neural Machine Translation (GNMT) in 2016 significantly improved GT's translation quality, reducing errors by 60% compared to its predecessor and Phrase-Based Machine Translation (PBMT) (Andari, Sofyan, & Yusuf, 2022). GT offers features beneficial for language learning such as instant translation pronunciation aid, access to authentic materials, grammar and syntax comparison, real-time conversation translation, image translation and offline translation capabilities despite its limitations such as occasional inaccuracies and a lack of contextual understanding (Ammade, Ramadhani, & Rahman, 2023;Wang, Huang, Sun, & Zhang, 2023).…”