How does seed heteromorphism influence the life history stages of Atriplex sagittata (Chenopodiaceae)?

Mandák, Bohumil; ̆ek, Petr Pys

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2005.06.003

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, few studies have demonstrated that the divergent growth and the variation of life history traits resulted from different seed morphs (Zhang, 1993;Mandak and Pysek, 2005). In A. artemisiifolia, the plants developing from F achenes grew faster and had a significant higher shoot dry mass and plant height than those resulting from NF achenes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability and Cryptic Heteromorphism of Ambrosia artemisiifolia Seeds: What Consequences for its Invasion in France?

et al. 2007

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Background and Aims: Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a ruderal weed introduced from North America to Europe. It produces large amount of achenes which are highly heterogeneous in size. Due to the preponderant role of propagules in invasive plant processes, the achene mass variability related to germination, dispersal strategy and life history traits of offspring were investigated within this species. † Methods: The variability in achene mass was quantified among six populations sampled in different habitats. The effects of achene mass variation on germination were studied. The percentages of floating and non-floating achenes were evaluated in the studied populations. The consequences of floatability on the growth and traits of the offspring were studied. † Key Results: Mean achene mass ranged from 1 . 72 to 3 . 60 mg, depending on the populations, and was highly variable. Variation among achenes within plants accounted for 63 . 9 % of the variance, whereas variances among plants within each population (22 . 2 %) and among populations (13 . 9 %) were lower. Achene masses were also positively correlated to the total germination percentage for four populations out of six. Two kinds of achenes were distinguished: floating and non-floating. The majority of floating achenes (90 %) sank 24 h after water immersion. Whatever the population, floating achenes were lighter, more dormant and germinated faster than non-floating achenes. Plants which issued from floating achenes had better growth than those from non-floating achenes. † Conclusions: The capacity of A. artemisiifolia to be invasive in Europe appears to be high, possibly due to its huge plasticity in seed mass which may help it to cope with a wide range of conditions and to establish in disturbed habitats. Furthermore, the recent invasion of southern France by A. artemisiifolia could be partially explained by water dispersal of achenes through rivers and has pinpointed its colonization potential along French rivers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional differences among achene types are necessary for the existence of temporal or spatial variation in their relative success. According to Mandak and Pysek (2005), current explanations of seed heteromorphism are largely adaptationistic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and Cryptic Heteromorphism of Ambrosia artemisiifolia Seeds: What Consequences for its Invasion in France?

et al. 2007

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“…Functionally, the two morphs may differ in dispersal mode and ability (Sorensen, 1978;Baker and O'Dowd, 1982;Ma et al, 2010), ability to persist in a seed bank (Philipupillai and Ungar, 1984;Venable and Levin, 1985b;Joley et al, 2003) and dormancy/germination characteristics (Venable and Levin, 1985a;El-Keblawy, 2003;Brändel, 2004). However, fewer studies have been done on plants that produce three (trimorphic) fruit/seed types (Venable et al, 1987;Mandák and Pyšek, 2005;Wei et al, 2007) and even fewer on those that produce more than three ( polymorphic) fruit/seed types (Ruiz de Clavijo, 1995;Ruiz de Clavijo and Jiménez, 1998;Gardocki et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

Tan

Baskin

et al. 2013

Annals of Botany

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† Background and Aims Several studies have demonstrated trade-offs between depth of seed dormancy and dispersal ability for diaspore-dimorphic species. However, relatively little is known about trade-offs between these two life history traits for a species that produces more than two diaspore morphs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between seed dormancy and dispersal in Ceratocarpus arenarius, an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual that produces a continuum of dispersal unit morphs. † Methods A comparison was made of dispersal and dormancy breaking/germination responses of dispersal units from ground level (a), the middle of the plant canopy (c) and the top of the plant canopy (f ). Various features of the morphology and mass of dispersal units and fruits (utricles) were measured. The role of bracteoles in diaspore dispersal by wind, settlement onto the soil surface and dormancy/germination was determined by comparing responses of intact dispersal units and fruits. Movement of dispersal units by wind and animals, seed after-ripening, germination phenology and the presence of water-soluble germination inhibitors in bracteoles were tested using standard procedures. † Key Results Dispersal units a, c and f differed in morphology and mass; in the majority of cases, extremes were exhibited by a and f, with c being intermediate. Overall, relative dispersal ability was f . c . a, whereas relative intensity of dormancy was a . c . f. Bracteoles increased dispersal distance by wind, enhanced settlement of diaspores onto the soil surface and mechanically inhibited germination. † Conclusions The results provide evidence for a model in which there is a continuous inverse-linear relationship between diaspore dispersal ability and depth of dormancy. Thus, dispersal unit heteromorphism of C. arenarius results in a continuum, from no dispersal ability/high dormancy (dispersal unit a) to high dispersal ability/low dormancy (unit f ), which may be a bet-hedging strategy in the cold desert environment.

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“…Strategies to cope with temporal unpredict-444 ability are expected to be of high importance because 445 strong temporal variation in vital rates like recruit-446 ment has important consequences for life-history 447 evolution and population dynamics (Real 1980;448 Tuljapurkar 1989;Boyce et al 2006). Under such 449 conditions, short-lived plants like P. coronopus are 450 expected to evolve risk-spreading strategies because 451 reproduction occurs only once or twice in their 452 lifetime (Rees 1994 (Venable et al 1987;Cheptou et al 464 2008), and may have a profound effect on the life 465 cycle and population regeneration in the successive 466 years (Mandak and Pysek 2005 Fig. 3 Proportion of apical seeds produced in the inflorescences of P-c population, and early and late emergents estimated to come from them in two contrasted years (see text for further details)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spreading recruitment over time to cope with environmental variability

Braza

García

2010

Plant Ecol

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8 Abstract Seedling establishment is one of the most 9 vulnerable life cycle stages, and a key component for 10 the population dynamics in short-lived plants. In 11 unpredictable environments, timing of emergence is 12 critical for the success of plant performance, and 13 different adaptive bet-hedging strategies have evolved 14 to reduce the risk of failure in recruitment. In this 15 study we describe the spatio-temporal pattern of 16 seedling emergence (overall rate and timing) and 17 survival in four contrasting Mediterranean habitats for 18 Plantago coronopus, a small herb with dimorphic 19 seeds. We then explore the importance of spreading 20 germination within years, as well as the role of the two 21 types of seeds from a broader temporal perspective. 22 Populations strongly differed for all recruitment 23 components analyzed in a given year, but this spatial 24 differentiation diluted when a longer period was 25 considered. Apical (smaller) seeds germinated later 26 and in a significantly lower proportion than basal 27 (larger) seeds. Both late emergents and seedlings from 28 apical seeds had lower survival probability in a rainy 29 year. However, our results suggest that in a population 30 having the lowest production of apical seeds, late 31 emergents coming from apical seeds may constitute a 32 large fraction of yearly recruitment and that their 33 performance was non-significantly different from that 34 of early emergents over the 4-year study period. This 35 study provides evidence of the importance of two 36 related traits (spreading seedling emergence through 37 time by producing dimorphic seeds)

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How does seed heteromorphism influence the life history stages of Atriplex sagittata (Chenopodiaceae)?

Cited by 47 publications

References 59 publications

Variability and Cryptic Heteromorphism of Ambrosia artemisiifolia Seeds: What Consequences for its Invasion in France?

Variability and Cryptic Heteromorphism of Ambrosia artemisiifolia Seeds: What Consequences for its Invasion in France?

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

Spreading recruitment over time to cope with environmental variability

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