How does social support affect functional impairment in late life? Findings of a multicenter prospective cohort study in Germany

Hajek, André; Brettschneider, Christian; Mallon, Tina; Leeden, Carolin van der; Mamone, Silke; Wiese, Birgitt; Weyerer, Siegfried; Werle, Jochen; Fuchs, Ângela; Pentzek, Michael; Riedel‐Heller, Steffi G.; Stein, Janine; Bickel, Horst; Weeg, Dagmar; Heser, Kathrin; Wagner, Michael; Maier, Wolfgang; Scherer, Martin; Luck, Tobias; König, Hans‐Helmut

doi:10.1093/ageing/afx012

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…24 (iii) According to the stress hypothesis, health-promoting behaviors can avoid social isolation and can increase social engagement, social integration, or social relationships, which can reduce stress, increase relaxation, or enhance self-esteem (as well as other healthrelated factors). [26][27][28] For example, increased stress is associated with decreases in cognitive functioning. 29 Another explanation was proposed by Cacioppo et al 30 They assumed that social isolation reduces sleep quality and activates neurobiological mechanisms that can stimulate the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis.…”

Section: Previous Research and Possible Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived social isolation and cognitive functioning. Longitudinal findings based on the German Ageing Survey

Hajek

Riedel‐Heller

König

2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives: There is a lack of longitudinal studies, which are both based on nationally representative samples and use standardized instruments to quantify social isolation.Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the link between perceived social isolation and cognitive functioning longitudinally.Methods/Design: Longitudinal data with n = 6420 from 2014 (wave 5) to 2017 (wave 6) were drawn from the German Ageing Survey (nationally representative sample of individuals aged 40 years and over). Perceived social isolation was assessed using a scale by Bude and Lantermann. Cognitive functioning was quantified using the established digit symbol test. To reduce the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, linear fixed effects regressions were used.Results: Regressions showed that increases in perceived social isolation were associated with decreases in cognitive functioning. With regard to covariates, decreases in cognitive functioning were associated with increases in aging and worsening selfrated health, whereas changes in marital status, employment status, income, physical functioning, and physical illnesses were not associated with the outcome measure.Conclusions: Based on a nationally representative sample and exploiting the panel data structure, the study findings extend current knowledge by showing that increasing perceived social isolation contributes to decreases in cognitive functioning among individuals aged 40 years and over longitudinally. Future longitudinal studies based on panel data methods are required to validate the study findings. K E Y W O R D Scognition, cognitive functioning, social disconnectedness, social exclusion, social isolation | INTRODUCTIONIt is widely acknowledged that there is an ongoing change in the demographic structure of industrialized countries, meaning that the number of individuals in late life is increasing continuously. It is also widely understood that age is associated with decreases in cognitive functioning.Moreover, higher age is associated with increased social isolation. 1 Cognitive functioning 2 and social isolation 3 are both associated with subsequent morbidity and mortality, highlighting the importance of these factors.Social isolation is linked to decreased social activities or social engagement, which, in turn, can stimulate cognitive functioning. 4An association between social isolation and cognitive functioning has been demonstrated by recent cross-sectional 5 and longitudinal studies. 6,7 For example, it has been shown that social isolation is related to decreased cognitive function based on data from a Spanish nationally representative sample (n = 1691; individuals ≥50 years; two waves). Similar findings were made by Evans et al based on longitudinal data from the Cognitive Function and

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Section: Previous Research and Possible Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived social isolation and cognitive functioning. Longitudinal findings based on the German Ageing Survey

Hajek

Riedel‐Heller

König

2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Section: Implications For Nursing and Health Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the older people in this study had a high degree of social support, the authors consider it necessary that policymakers establish programmes that maintain the social support of non-institutionalized older people (which would require a considerable amount of resources, particularly money), because social support promotes adherence to programmes for promoting health and maintaining functional abilities (Hajek et al 2017;Vicente et al 2018). One source of social support for older people can be social networking sites (SNSs), because SNSs can assist older people in keeping in contact with their family members or becoming acquainted with new friends.…”

Section: Implications For Nursing and Health Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social support for elderly people over 65 years in Spain

López-Cerdá¹,

Carmona‐Torres

Rodríguez-Borrego

2018

International Nursing Review

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“…2 One of the factors that contribute to this perception is the availibility of a community support to encourage the elderly to be active and productive. 2,3 The Integrated Health Post (posbindu) for the elderly is a form of social support directed towards the health of the elderly. The posbindu is an expansion of posyandu, a health post formed by the community in the village level to provide health services to babies, toddlers, and pregnant women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elderly’s Expectations of Services in Integrated Health Post (Posbindu): A Qualitative Study

Azana

Gondodiputro

Didah

2019

mkb

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Many factors influence the compliance of the elderly to visit the Integrated Health Post (posbindu). One factor that needs to be explored is the expectation of the elderly on the services in this post. Expectations that are met with performance will create satisfaction, leading to a regular visit to the posbindu. This study aimed to explore the expectations of the elderly towards services provided in the posbindu. A qualitative phenomenology study using a in-depth interview was conducted to 8 elderly informants from 7 posbindu from 7 public health centers (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas) who were selected by purposive sampling in Bandung City. Posbindu and Puskesmas was selected in a simple random manner. The study was conducted from July to October 2018. Explored concepts were structure, process, and output of expectations. The collected data was processed by coding and categorization.This study discovered that the structural expectation covered three subthemes, namely accessibility, human resources, and facilities. The process expectation was formed by three subthemes: behavior and communication skills of the cadres; behavior and communication skills of the health providers; consultation and treatment. The output expectation was formed by three categories, including information about their illness, controlled disease, and the desire to stay healthy. This study discovered 3 new categories from several subthemes of the health care provided in the posbindu, i.e. free services, attendance of a doctor, and medicine prescription. In conclusion, the expectation of the elderly towards the health services at the Posbindu has been identified. Ekspektasi Lansia terhadap Pelayanan di Posbindu AbstrakBanyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan lansia untuk datang ke Pos Pembinaan Terpadu (Posbindu). Salah satu faktor yang perlu digali adalah harapan para lansia. Harapan sesuai dengan kenyataan akan menciptakan kepuasan, yang mengarah ke kunjungan rutin ke Posbindu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi harapan para lansia terhadap layanan di Posbindu. Penelitian fenomenologis kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam kepada 8 informan lansia dari 7 Posbindu (dari 7 Puskesmas) yang dipilih secara purposive sampling di Kota Bandung. Pemilihan Posbindu dan Puskesmas dilakukan secara acak sederhana. Studi ini dilakukan dari Juli hingga Oktober 2018. Konsep yang dieksplorasi adalah struktur, proses, dan output dari harapan. Data yang dikumpulkan, diproses dengan pengkodean dan kategorisasi. Penelitian ini menemukan harapan struktural dicakup oleh tiga sub-tema, yaitu aksesibilitas, sumber daya manusia, dan fasilitas. Harapan proses dibentuk oleh tiga sub-tema, yaitu perilaku dan komunikasi kader; perilaku dan komunikasi tenaga kesehatan; konsultasi dan perawatan. Harapan masukan dibentuk oleh tiga kategori, termasuk informasi tentang penyakit mereka, penyakit terkendali, dan keinginan untuk tetap sehat. Studi ini menemukan 3 kategori baru dari beberapa subtema yaitu tidak perlu membayar , kehadir...

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How does social support affect functional impairment in late life? Findings of a multicenter prospective cohort study in Germany

Abstract: our findings emphasise the importance of social support for functional status in late life. Thus, strengthening social support in old age might be effective in maintaining functional abilities.

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Perceived social isolation and cognitive functioning. Longitudinal findings based on the German Ageing Survey

Perceived social isolation and cognitive functioning. Longitudinal findings based on the German Ageing Survey

Social support for elderly people over 65 years in Spain

Elderly’s Expectations of Services in Integrated Health Post (Posbindu): A Qualitative Study

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