“…As a result, they might help individuals manage their resources through retirement: for example, all of the income from an inflation-linked annuity could be spent each year in the knowledge that the same level of real-terms spending could be maintained through to the end of life regardless of how long that might be. Evidence suggests that such a flat real profile through retirement -rather than, say, a declining spending profilemight, on average, be appropriate (Crawford, Karjalainen and Sturrock, 2022). A further challenge comes from the fact that decumulation decisions need to be made with respect to what, on average, will be many years of retirement.…”