“…The Mongolian racerunner, Eremais argus, is a small oviparous and heliothermic lizard of the NEA, with a distribution ranging from the coast to the desert in China, Korea, North Korea, Mongolia and Russia, ranging from the arid zone to the humid zones [23][24][25][26]. Except for the population in Korea, which is listed as an endangered species [27,28], and that in North Korea, which has rather limited records, the populations of E. argus in the other three countries are relatively abundant, thus providing an excellent system for evaluating the phylogeographic pattern and investigating the effects of past climatic changes on the demographic history of the terrestrial lizard in the NEA. In addition, E. argus shows considerable intra-specific variation, as two subspecies have been proposed based on morphological characters and putative vicariant events [29]: the nominate form E. argus argus Peters, 1869 (with an eye-like dorsal pattern and more than 50 rows of dorsal scales on the midbody) and E. argus barbouri Schmidt, Animals 2024, 14, 1124 3 of 26 1925 (with a striped dorsal pattern and fewer than 50 scales on the midbody).…”