How economic recessions and unemployment affect illegal drug use: A systematic realist literature review

Nagelhout, Gera E.; Hummel, Karin; Goeij, Moniek C.M. de; Vries, Hein de; Kaner, Eileen; Lemmens, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.03.013

Cited by 118 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Many explanations of the rise of the overdose epidemic emphasize the important, mechanistic role of pharmaceutical companies and pill mills in deluging communities with inexpensive opioid pain relievers (Kolodny et al 2015). The results presented here do not conflict with this supply-side explanation since it is likely that workers in manufacturing industries, already more likely to experience workplace-related pain ailments such as repetitive strain injuries (van Tulder, Malmivaara, and Koes 2007), were at higher risk to becoming addicted to prescription painkillers upon job loss and financial hardship (Dasgupta et al 2018;Nagelhout et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The Economic Underpinnings of the Drug Epidemic

Seltzer¹

2019

Preprint

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U.S. labor markets have experienced transformative change over the past half century. Spurred on by global economic change, robotization, and the decline of labor unions, state labor markets have shifted away from an occupational regime dominated by the production of goods to one characterized by the provision of services. Prior studies have proposed that deterioration of employment opportunities may be associated with the rise of substance use disorders and drug overdose deaths, yet no clear link between changes in labor market dynamics in the U.S. manufacturing sector and drug overdose deaths has been established. Using restricted-use vital registration records between 1999-2017 that comprise over 700,000 drug deaths, I test two questions. First, what is the association between manufacturing decline and drug and opioid overdose mortality rates? Second, how much of the increase in these drug-related outcomes can be accounted for by manufacturing decline? The findings provide strong evidence that restructuring of the U.S. labor market has played an important upstream role in the current drug crisis. Up to 77,000 overdose deaths for men and up to 40,000 overdose deaths for women are attributable to the decline of state-level manufacturing over this nearly two-decade period. These results persist in models that adjust for other social, economic, and policy trends changing at the same time, including the supply of prescription opioids. Critically, the findings signal the value of policy interventions that aim to reduce persistent economic precarity experienced by individuals and communities, especially the economic strain placed upon the middle class.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The Economic Underpinnings of the Drug Epidemic

Seltzer¹

2019

Preprint

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“…Moreover, in addition to the variables tested in the present study, future studies should consider their interaction with other factors, such personality traits close to SA (e.g., shyness, introversion) and psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder that are the most frequent principal diagnosis in patients with comorbid SAD ( 5 , 57 ). Socio-economics factors could also play a potential role since recent literature indicate that during the last decade recession hardships increase psychological distress ( 58 , 59 ) which in turn increases marijuana and other illicit drugs use ( 60 ). Additionally, as recent studies highlighted that high-potency and synthetic cannabinoids compared with the use of natural cannabis, may cause more frequent and more severe unwanted negative effects such as agitation, paranoia, psychosis ( 61 , 62 ), further studies should be conducted to consider the influence of type of cannabis smoked on the SA symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediating Effects of Global Negative Effect Expectancies on the Association between Problematic Cannabis Use and Social Anxiety

et al. 2017

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The relationship between social anxiety (SA) and cannabis use among adolescents and young adults is a highly debated topic. In this cross-sectional study, we tested whether cannabis use expectancies mediated the association between SA and cannabis use severity in a sample of 343 young adults (74.3% male) who used cannabis. They completed self-report measures for the screening of problematic cannabis use (Cannabis Use Problems Identification Test) and SA symptoms (Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale). A multiple mediation analysis was used to test whether marijuana effect expectancies mediate SA effect on problematic cannabis use. SA was negatively associated with cannabis use severity in this sample, and we found evidence that cannabis use expectancies fully mediated this relationship. Specifically, global negative effect expectancies influence the relationship between SA and problematic cannabis use. These findings may inform current prevention strategies and clinical intervention for young adults who use cannabis.

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“…Over the past three decades, researchers have tackled the question of how economic recessions impact substance use. In fact, the evidence shows that problematic substance use tends to increase during recessions, leading to higher incidence and relapse rates of substance use disorders (Nagelhout et al, 2017). If anything, substance abuse research becomes more relevant during a recession, to care for these additional cases.…”

Section: Is Schizophrenia Research Relevant During the Covid-19 Pandementioning

confidence: 99%

Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Cowan

2020

Schizophrenia Research

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Schizophrenia researchers may ask themselves-or be asked by others-whether their research is relevant in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary argues that schizophrenia research is more relevant than ever during this public health crisis, because of the likelihood that the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to increased incidence of psychotic disorders. Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND COVID-19

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How economic recessions and unemployment affect illegal drug use: A systematic realist literature review

Cited by 118 publications

References 54 publications

The Economic Underpinnings of the Drug Epidemic

The Economic Underpinnings of the Drug Epidemic

Mediating Effects of Global Negative Effect Expectancies on the Association between Problematic Cannabis Use and Social Anxiety

Is schizophrenia research relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic?

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