How effective are anthocyanins on healthy modification of cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background In this meta-analysis, findings from recent studies on the preventive properties of anthocyanins (ACN) against cardiovascular disease are summarized. Methods MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched and 2512 studies were found in a preliminary search. After screening of titles and abstracts, 47 studies met the inclusion criteria (randomized clinical trial design and sufficient data of outcomes). Studies were excluded based on the following criteria: incomplete data; obscurely reported outcomes, or lack of control groups; and animal studies. Results The results showed that intervention with ACNs resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index ((MD),− 0.21; 95% CI, − 0.38, − 0.04; P < 0.001) and body fat mass (MD: − 0.3%, 95% CI − 0.42 to − 0.18%, p < 0.001). Pooled data comparing ACN with control showed statistically significant effect on fasting blood sugar and HbA1c. However, the reductions were significantly more in the subjects with type 2 diabetes and in those who used ACN as supplement/extract. The subgroup analysis test showed that there was a significant effect of ACN on triglyceride concentrations, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations in all subgroups of participants (with vs. without dyslipidemia at baseline) and intervention type (supplement/extract vs. food). However, we did not observe any significant effect on apo A and apo B concentrations. Conclusions ACN intake in the forms of natural foods and supplements can induce healthy changes in body fat mass, glycemic and lipidemic status and these effects are more prominent in the subjects with above-normal values. This meta-analysis was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero (Registration no. CRD42021286466).

Effects of anthocyanin supplementation in diet on glycemic and related cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Our findings indicate that a median dose of 320 mg/day anthocyanins for a period of 8 weeks significantly reduced the markers of glycemic control in individuals with T2DM including HbA 1c , FBG, and 2-h postprandial glucose level, with an absolute reduction of 0.31%, 0.63 mmol/L, and 1.6 mmol/L, respectively. This is supported by Neyestani et al ( 28 ), who claimed a significant reduction in FBG (0.85 mmol/L) after administrating anthocyanins in patients with T2DM and a decrease in HbA 1C (0.14%) in individuals with and without T2DM. Our findings were also consistent with that observed by a meta-analysis evaluating 32 studies performed with both healthy and cardiometabolic diseased populations on the effect of anthocyanins from fruit extracts or supplements.…”

“…Yang et al ( 24 ) also indicated substantial improvements in lipid profile with the introduction of anthocyanins (from purified supplements and fruit extracts), including a reduction of TG, TC, and LDL cholesterol as well as an increase in HDL cholesterol levels in both healthy and cardiometabolic diseased populations. Similarly, Neyestani et al ( 28 ) reported a significant effect of anthocyanins on all lipid profiles in healthy adults and patients with different health conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemia, and T2DM. Tiwari et al ( 27 ) demonstrated a significant reduction in TC, TG, and LDL, but not in HDL in preclinical studies involving subjects who were overweight/obese, had pre-diabetes, and T2DM (human and animal).…”

Effects of Anthocyanins on Components of Metabolic Syndrome—A Review

“…A number of studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on weight and BMI reduction [ 193 ]. Specifically, anthocyanin supplementation at ≤300 mg/day for 4 weeks has been shown to effectively reduce BMI and body weight [ 194 ]. Additionally, anthocyanins contained in Lycium ruthenicum Murray fruit counteracted obesity by inhibiting pancreatic lipase and regulating the intestinal microflora [ 176 ].…”

“…Researchers have also assessed the effects of anthocyanins on body weight in humans. Numerous studies have shown that interventions with anthocyanins reduced BMI and body fat percentage [ 193 , 194 , 233 , 234 ]. In particular, anthocyanin supplementation at a dose of ≤300 mg/day for 4 weeks effectively reduced BMI and body weight [ 194 ].…”

“…Numerous studies have shown that interventions with anthocyanins reduced BMI and body fat percentage [ 193 , 194 , 233 , 234 ]. In particular, anthocyanin supplementation at a dose of ≤300 mg/day for 4 weeks effectively reduced BMI and body weight [ 194 ]. However, Tiwari et al [ 235 ] analysed 21 clinical trials and 27 preclinical studies and found that with a daily anthocyanin intake of ≤300 mg for 4 weeks, BMI reductions were observed more frequently in adults without obesity.…”