How evergreen and deciduous trees coexist during secondary forest succession: Insights into forest restoration mechanisms in Chinese subtropical forest

Zhang, Haonan; Yang, Qingpei; Zhou, Dong; Xu, Wei; Gao, Jun; Zhi, Wang

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01418

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The difference in growth rate between deciduous and evergreen species suggests that the growth of shade-intolerant deciduous species is more significantly affected by the competition from contiguous trees, while the evergreen species with lower light demands are less affected by the shade from contiguous individuals (Figure 1). These results are consistent with the findings conducted in other forest ecosystems by Zhang et al [12].…”

Section: The Relative Growth Rate Of Deciduous and Evergreen Speciessupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The change of dominant species likely play an important role in controlling the forest succession dynamics. In early forest restoration, deciduous and evergreen species with significantly different functional traits play different roles and jointly determine the trend of secondary forest succession [12]. Over the past century, the BFR has experienced extensive shifting cultivation and logging in low-elevation areas.…”

Section: The Relative Growth Rate Of Deciduous and Evergreen Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most tropical evergreen and monsoon forests, the removal of vegetation can promote seedling growth from the seedling bank [12,13]. Hence, the factors limiting seedling survival and growth are of great importance in determining the species presence, density, and relative size, which, in turn, can be crucial in determining the trajectories of forest succession.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Above- and Below-Ground Interactions of Plants on Growth of Tree Seedlings in Low-Elevation Tropical Rainforests on Hainan Island, China

Zang

Yue

et al. 2021

Forests

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Understanding the effects of above- and below-ground interactions on seedling growth is pivotal for identifying the key drivers of secondary forest succession. However, it is still unclear whether the effects of above- and below-ground interactions of plants are consistent for seedling growth of deciduous and evergreen species. There are two types of broadleaved forests (i.e., tropical lowland rainforest and tropical deciduous monsoon rainforest) in the low-elevation (<800 m) areas of Hainan Island in China. Here, 32 seedling transplanting plots (1 × 1 m2) were established in the tropical lowland rainforest and the tropical deciduous monsoon rainforest, respectively. Four treatments (each with 16 replicates) were carried out to reduce above- and below-ground interactions of plants in the low-elevation forests: removal of vegetation (R), root trenching (T), removal of vegetation and root trenching (R + T), and no vegetation removal or trenching (as the control) (C). Seedlings of four deciduous species and four evergreen species were planted to observe their performance in the experiments. The relative growth rates (RGR) of the seedlings were measured to distinguish the relative effects of above- and below-ground interactions. The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured as a proxy for above-ground interaction and the root biomass was used as a proxy for below-ground interaction. The relationships between seedling RGR and PAR/root biomass were examined. Results showed that: (1) R and R+T treatments significantly increased the seedlings RGR, but T treatment had no effect on the RGR; (2) the growth rates of deciduous species were greater than those of the evergreen species; and (3) seedling growth rates were increased with more PAR. Our study suggests that above-ground vegetation removal had a stronger effect than trenching on the growth and assembly of tree seedlings in the low-elevation tropical rainforests.

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Section: The Relative Growth Rate Of Deciduous and Evergreen Speciessupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: The Relative Growth Rate Of Deciduous and Evergreen Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Above- and Below-Ground Interactions of Plants on Growth of Tree Seedlings in Low-Elevation Tropical Rainforests on Hainan Island, China

Zang

Yue

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…Therefore, large-area wall-to-wall maps on plant diversity in forests, as well as spatial changes in its distribution, are frequently required in the forestry operations and conservation of relevant sites [7,8]. Such spatially explicit maps are vital for ecological function stability [5,9,10], exotic species invasion assessments [11], and prevention of plant diseases and insect pests [3,12]-particularly in maintaining the stability of plant community composition [2,6,10,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medium spatial resolution sensors (e.g., Landsat and MODIS) have been used to map the spatial distribution patterns of species community and plant diversity [15,23,[35][36][37]. However, the coarse spatial resolution sensors have been considered to not be appropriate for small and heterogeneous terrain parameters [37][38][39], and also cannot adequately capture plant structural information, such as forest canopy [40], leaf area [41] or tree height [12]. Unprecedented opportunities for large-area mapping plant diversity approaches arise by combining Sentinel -1 (S-1) and Sentinel -2 (S-2) data from the European Space Agency (ESA) [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Plant Diversity Based on Combined SENTINEL-1/2 Data—Opportunities for Subtropical Mountainous Forests

et al. 2022

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Plant diversity is an important parameter in maintaining forest ecosystem services, functions and stability. Timely and accurate monitoring and evaluation of large-area wall-to-wall maps on plant diversity and its spatial heterogeneity are crucial for the conservation and management of forest resources. However, traditional botanical field surveys designed to estimate plant diversity are usually limited in their spatiotemporal resolutions. Using Sentinel-1 (S-1) and Sentinel-2 (S-2) data at high spatiotemporal scales, combined with and referenced to botanical field surveys, may be the best choice to provide accurate plant diversity distribution information over a large area. In this paper, we predicted and mapped plant diversity in a subtropical forest using 24 months of freely and openly available S-1 and S-2 images (10 m × 10 m) data over a large study area (15,290 km2). A total of 448 quadrats (10 m × 10 m) of forestry field surveys were captured in a subtropical evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest to validate a machine learning algorithm. The objective was to link the fine Sentinel spectral and radar data to several ground-truthing plant diversity indices in the forests. The results showed that: (1) The Simpson and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices were the best predicted indices using random forest regression, with ȓ2 of around 0.65; (2) The use of S-1 radar data can enhance the accuracy of the predicted heterogeneity indices in the forests by approximately 0.2; (3) As for the mapping of Simpson and Shannon-Wiener, the overall accuracy was 67.4% and 64.2% respectively, while the texture diversity’s overall accuracy was merely 56.8%; (4) From the evaluation and prediction map information, the Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and texture diversity values (and its confidence interval values) indicate spatial heterogeneity in pixel level. The large-area forest plant diversity indices maps add spatially explicit information to the ground-truthing data. Based on the results, we conclude that using the time-series of S-1 and S-2 radar and spectral characteristics, when coupled with limited ground-truthing data, can provide reasonable assessments of plant spatial heterogeneity and diversity across wide areas. It could also help promote forest ecosystem and resource conservation activities in the forestry sector.

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Beta diversity subcomponents of plant species turnover and nestedness reveal drivers of community assembly in a regenerating subtropical forest

Guclu,

Luk,

Ashton

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Secondary forests represent a significant proportion of global forest cover, with over 70% of forests in East Asia classified as regenerating. While succession has been studied extensively in temperate systems, trajectories of subtropical succession remain poorly characterized in highly disturbed, urban‐adjacent forests. Investigating the additive beta diversity components of turnover and nestedness may reveal community assembly mechanisms driving secondary succession. The present study investigates plant community assembly along a successional gradient from 7 to 70 years following the onset of succession in secondary subtropical forests in Hong Kong, China. Plant survey data for 28 plots were analysed, generating additive Simpsons turnover and nestedness beta diversity metrics. Dissimilarity matrices were generated and modelled as a function of environmental matrices including forest plant community age (years following onset of secondary succession), inter‐community distance (metres), and soil moisture saturation (%) across three elevational bands using generalized dissimilarity models. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of plant communities was conducted with Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrices. Inter‐community distance and successional age differentially influenced plant species turnover between lowland and Montane forest types. Models of nestedness found that plot age and soil moisture saturation were significant drivers of nestedness patterns in plant communities across elevational classes. Turnover represented a higher proportion of Sorensen beta diversity than nestedness, while ANOSIM found significant differentiation between plant communities at different successional stages. Turnover patterns suggest a deterministic model of community assembly, with strong patterns of species replacement between communities at fine spatial scales and successional stages, as well as clear compositional shifts between lowland and montane forest types. NMDS analysis and functional compositional assessments suggested a transition from early successional communities with a high proportion of shrub species, to later successional communities with a higher proportion of tree species, with an increase in species turnover with greater age dissimilarity.

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How evergreen and deciduous trees coexist during secondary forest succession: Insights into forest restoration mechanisms in Chinese subtropical forest

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of Above- and Below-Ground Interactions of Plants on Growth of Tree Seedlings in Low-Elevation Tropical Rainforests on Hainan Island, China

Effects of Above- and Below-Ground Interactions of Plants on Growth of Tree Seedlings in Low-Elevation Tropical Rainforests on Hainan Island, China

Mapping Plant Diversity Based on Combined SENTINEL-1/2 Data—Opportunities for Subtropical Mountainous Forests

Beta diversity subcomponents of plant species turnover and nestedness reveal drivers of community assembly in a regenerating subtropical forest

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