How extraction method affects yield, fatty acids composition and bioactive properties of cardoon seed oil?

Abstract

A B S T R A C TCardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.; Asteraceae) is a perennial species with several uses, especially in the industry of energy production, while it is classified as a non-conventional energy crop within the European Union (EU). The aim of the present study was to evaluate chemical composition and antioxidant properties of cardoon seed oils extracted with two mechanical pressing methods, while at the same time it further determined composition and antioxidant properties of the obtained seedcakes. Oil extraction yield did not differ between the tested methods and growing years, indicating that both heat and cold extraction are efficient methods for oil production (approx. 75% extraction yield). Oils obtained from heat extraction method had better antioxidant properties than cold pressed oils, while significant variation between the growing years was also observed. Seedcakes of heat extraction method had the highest total phenols (405 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract) and the highest antioxidant properties for all the tested assays (with the exception of reducing power assay). Moreover, none of the studied materials (seeds, seed oils, and seedcakes) showed toxicity effects against PLP2 non-tumor cells (GI 50 > 400 μg/mL). The main fatty acids were linoleic and oleic acids which were detected in similar amounts in oils and seedcakes, while significant variation was observed between the tested methods and the growing years. The results of the present study signified the importance of cardoon as an alternative field crop under the Mediterranean climate conditions. In addition, seed oil production byproducts (e.g. seedcakes) are a promising material due to its bioactivities and its fat content and fatty acid composition, that could find alternative uses in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.

Seed oil and seed oil byproducts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A new insight to plant-based sources rich in omega-3 fatty acids

“…Sodeifian et al (2018) reported a higher TPC content in purslane seed oil obtained with supercritical fluid and solvent extraction (1.73 and 1.67 mg GAE/g oil, respectively), whereas Delfan-Hosseini et al (2017) found TPC values similar to our study for solvent-extracted seed oils of purslane (0.19 mg GAE/g oil). Moreover, in a previous studies of our team with cardoon seed oils obtained with two methods corresponding to HE and CE1 methods of the present study, TPC content of HE method was also higher than that of CE1 method (Petropoulos et al, 2018). These differences in the literature reports could be attributed to different extraction parameters, as well as to genotypic differences of the studied materials.…”

“…For seed oil extraction, seeds from both harvests were used according to the method previously described by the authors (Petropoulos et al, 2018). Briefly, two mechanical methods were implemented (hot and cold extraction).…”

“…Hot extraction (HE) was performed with the small type screw oil press TäbyPressen Type 40 (Skeppsta Maskin AB, Örebro, Sweden), where oil temperature during the extraction ranged between 53 and 55°C. The details of oil extraction procedure have been previously described by Petropoulos et al (2018) (nozzle diameter: 6 mm; seed feeding: 5 kg/h; rotational speed: 78 rpm). Cold extraction was carried out with CE1 and CE2 methods.…”

Impact of roasting and extraction methods on chemical properties, oxidative stability and Maillard reaction products of peanut oils

“…The extraction process is an important factor in the properties of oils obtained from oil-seeds (Mohammed et al 2016). There is a growing demand from consumers, oil-extraction and production industries to study differences in the oil qualities obtained by the different extraction and processing methods (Koubaa et al 2016;Petropoulos et al 2018). The dry air roasting process and extraction method affect nutritional value and oxidative stability of oils and understanding of these aspects are of utmost importance.…”

Cardoon as a Sustainable Crop for Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Production

“…Cardoon is a valuable source of polyphenolic compounds, mainly caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids, which, together with the polysaccharide inulin, are isolated in the polar extracts of the plant . On the other hand, the main lipophilic compounds were fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, lactones and pentacyclic triterpenes.…”