How fast is the denudation of the Taiwan mountain belt? Perspectives from in situ cosmogenic 10Be

Derrieux, F.; Siamé, Lionel; Bourlès, Didier; Chen, Rou-Fei; Braucher, Régis; Léanni, Laëtitia; Lee, Jian‐Cheng; Chu, Hao‐Tsu; Byrne, T. B.

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.03.012

Cited by 53 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The mean and maximum topography of the Central Range from south to north are calculated within a set of 5 km wide swaths perpendicular to the axis of the island shown in Figure 4 following Stolar et al (2007). The 10 Be cosmogenic nuclide derived rates are from the data published by Derrieux et al (2014). The comparison shows good correlation between these data.…”

Section: Large-scale River Basin Structure In Taiwansupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Short-term erosion rates derived from sediment yield data show a similar pattern, but the rates are high (1-4 mm yr. À1 ) in the north and west of Taiwan where thermochronometric ages are not reset, due to the low total exhumation (Dadson et al, 2003;Fuller et al, 2006). The centennial-millennial rates have been characterized from concentrations of in situ 10 Be in river-borne quartz of several main basins, revealing similar patterns and values at the large scale (Derrieux et al, 2014).…”

Section: Active Orogeny Of Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Profiting from the high tectonic rates (Shyu et al, 2005). Other sources of uplift and erosion rate data include low-temperature thermochronometery (Liu et al, 2000;Dadson et al, 2003;Willett et al, 2003;Fuller et al, 2006;Simoes et al, 2012), sediment flux at decadal scale (Dadson et al, 2003;Fuller et al, 2003) and detrital cosmogenic isotope concentrations (Siame et al, 2011;Derrieux et al, 2014). Offshore tectonics is referred to Huang et al (2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphical methods of river profile analysis to unravel drainage area change, uplift and erodibility contrasts in the Central Range of Taiwan

Chen

Willett

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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To reveal river channel steepness patterns and variance in settings with significant variation in rock uplift rate, rock erodibility and moving water divides, we present a series of graphical methods to interpret channel profiles. To complement Cartesian χ plots, longitudinal profiles and mapping methods, we introduce a new method based on a radial coordinate system. We map each basin onto polar coordinates in which the radial dimension is χ and the azimuthal coordinate, ϕ, is calculated with an increment (Δϕ) scaled to the distance to neighboring channel heads. The elevation is contoured on this mapping. Average channel steepness is estimated by fitting a conical surface to the elevation. The graph simplifies the comparison of χ and elevation between channels that share a divide, and helps identify spatial changes in drainage area and patterns of erodibility. We apply this approach to derive the uplift pattern in the eastern and southern Central Range of Taiwan, where the high tectonic convergence and uplift rates combined with sub‐tropical climate and frequent typhoons results in high exhumation rate, and well‐developed, detachment‐limited river networks. Additionally, the tectonic activity leads to drainage basin reorganization. We identify examples of divide migration, discrete river capture as well as anomalous steepness that we attribute to local variability in rock erodibility. Estimated basin‐average steepness values show the highest and a near constant value from Hsinwulu basin to Liwu basin in the center of the Island. To the north and south of this region, the values gradually decrease. These estimates show good correlation with the topography of the Central Range and erosion rates derived from in situ 10Be concentrations in river‐borne quartz. We conclude that the basin steepness reflects systematic differences in rock uplift rate and erosion rate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Large-scale River Basin Structure In Taiwansupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Active Orogeny Of Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphical methods of river profile analysis to unravel drainage area change, uplift and erodibility contrasts in the Central Range of Taiwan

Chen

Willett

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Furthermore, thermochronology data are unreset in the south and reset in the north, suggesting a north–south (N–S) gradient in total exhumation (Fuller et al ., ; Hsu et al ., ). Cosmogenic beryllium‐10 ( 10 Be) concentrations in quartz river sands show a gradual increase of hillslope erosion rates from south to north as well (Derrieux et al ., ; Chen et al ., ). Using the natural experiment set up by the topographic gradient and relatively uniform rock type, we explore the magnitude of geomorphic processes in response to an extreme precipitation event and place the results in context with long‐term landscape evolution of the region.…”

Section: Field Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslides control the spatial and temporal variation of channel width in southern Taiwan: Implications for landscape evolution and cascading hazards in steep, tectonically active landscapes

Yanites

Mitchell

Bregy

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Intense precipitation or seismic events can generate clustered mass movement processes across a landscape. These rare events have significant impacts on the landscape, however, the rarity of such events leads to uncertainty in how they impact the entire geomorphic system over a range of timescales. Taiwan is steep, tectonically active, and prone to landslide and debris flows, especially when exposed to heavy rainfall events. Typhoon Morakot made landfall in Taiwan in August of 2009, causing widespread landslides in southern Taiwan. The south to north trend in valley relief in southern Taiwan leads to spatial variability in landslide susceptibility providing an opportunity to infer the long‐term impact of such landslide events on channel morphology. We use pre‐ and post‐typhoon imagery to quantify the propagating impact of this event on channel width as the debris is routed through the landscape. The results show the importance of cascading hazards from landslides on landscape evolution based on patterns of channel width (both pre‐ and post‐typhoon) and hillslope gradients in 20 basins along strike in southern Taiwan. Prior to Typhoon Morakot, the river channels in the central part of the study area were about 3–10 times wider than the channels in the south. Following the typhoon, aggradation and widening was also a maximum in these central to northern basins where hillslope gradients and channel steepness is high, accentuating the pre‐typhoon pattern. The results further show that the narrowest channels are located where channel steepness is the lowest, an observation inconsistent with a detachment‐limited model for river evolution. We infer this pattern is indicative of a strong role of sediment supply, and associated landslide events, on long‐term channel evolution. These findings have implications across a range of spatial and temporal scales including understanding the cascade of hazards in steep landscapes and geomorphic interpretation of channel morphology. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Long‐term erosion rates are generally higher in the axial part of the orogen than in the prowedge and show a general increase from north to south [ Dadson et al , ; Willett et al , ; Fuller et al , ]. Erosion patterns on a millennial time scale, as revealed by in situ cosmogenic 10 Be, show average erosion rates around 4–5 mm/a along the eastern retroside and 1–3 mm/a on the western proside of the orogen [ Derrieux et al , ]. Erosion rates deduced from cosmogenic 10 Be data are usually lower than rates derived from sediment gauging—as documented in the Lanyang catchment [ Siame et al , ]—and closer to rates derived from thermochronology, although erosion patterns are coherent.…”

Section: Exhumation and Erosion In Space And Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning sediment flux by provenance and tracing erosion patterns in Taiwan

et al. 2017

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We critically evaluate the potential and limitations of an alternative way to calculate erosion rates based on petrographic and mineralogical fingerprints of fluvial sediments coupled with gauged sediment fluxes. Our approach allows us to apportion sediment loads to different lithological units, and consequently to discriminate erosion rates in different tectonic domains within each catchment. Our provenance data on modern Taiwanese sands indicate focused erosion in the Backbone Range and Tananao Complex of the retrowedge. Lower rates are inferred for the northern part of the island characterized by tectonic extension and for the western foothills in the prowedge. The principal factor of uncertainty affecting our estimates is the inevitably inaccurate evaluation of total sediment load, because only the suspended flux was measured. Another is the assumption that suspended load and bed load are derived from the same sources in fixed proportions. Additional errors are caused by the insufficiently precise definition of lithologically similar compositional end‐members and by the temporal variability of sediment composition at the outlet of each catchment related to the spatial variability of erosional processes and triggering agents such as earthquakes, typhoons, and landslides. To evaluate the robustness of our findings, we applied a morphometric technique based on the stream‐power model. The results obtained are broadly consistent, with local discrepancies ascribed to poorly constrained assumptions and choices of scaling parameters. Our local erosion estimates are consistent with GPS uplift rates measured on a decadal timescale and generally higher than basin‐wide results inferred from cosmogenic‐nuclide and thermochronology data.

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How fast is the denudation of the Taiwan mountain belt? Perspectives from in situ cosmogenic 10Be

Cited by 53 publications

References 60 publications

Graphical methods of river profile analysis to unravel drainage area change, uplift and erodibility contrasts in the Central Range of Taiwan

Graphical methods of river profile analysis to unravel drainage area change, uplift and erodibility contrasts in the Central Range of Taiwan

Landslides control the spatial and temporal variation of channel width in southern Taiwan: Implications for landscape evolution and cascading hazards in steep, tectonically active landscapes

Partitioning sediment flux by provenance and tracing erosion patterns in Taiwan

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