How fluoride protects dental enamel from demineralization

Simmer, James P.; Hardy, Nina C.; Chinoy, Afriti F; Bartlett, John D.; Hu, Jan C.‐C.

doi:10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_406_19

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The fluoride ions are known to bind to calcium and phosphate ions that are released upon enamel demineralization by plaque bacterial organic acids. Because of the more compact structure of fluorapatite than hydroxyapatite, the fluorapatite better resists acid attack and thus prevents demineralization [ 23 ]. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Tooth Mousse ("GC") and Tooth Mousse Plus ("GCP") on oral biofilms and oral bacteria in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate prevents biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

et al. 2021

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Background Streptococcus mutans is a common cariogenic bacterium in the oral cavity involved in plaque formation. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) has been introduced into tooth mousse to encourage remineralization of dental enamel. The aim of this research was to study the effect of tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse®) or CPP-ACP with 0.2% fluoride (CPP-ACPF; GC Tooth Mousse Plus®; GCP) on S. mutans planktonic growth and biofilm formation. Methods S. mutans was cultivated in the presence of different dilutions of the tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP or CPP-ACPF, and the planktonic growth was determined by ATP viability assay and counting colony-forming units (CFUs). The resulting biofilms were examined by crystal violet staining, MTT metabolic assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results The CPP-ACP tooth mousse (GC) at a dilution of 5–50 mg/ml (0.5–5%) did not inhibit planktonic growth, and even increased the ATP content and the number of viable bacteria after a 24 h incubation. The same was observed for the CPP-ACPF tooth mousse (GCP), except for the higher concentrations (25 and 50 mg/ml) that led to a drop in the bacterial count. Importantly, both compounds significantly decreased S. mutans biofilm formation at dilutions as low as 1.5–3 mg/ml. 12.5 mg/ml GC and 6.25 mg/ml GCP inhibited biofilm formation by 90% after 4 h. After 24 h, the MBIC90 was 6.25 mg/ml for both. CLSM images confirmed the strong inhibitory effect GC and GCP had on biofilm formation when using 5 mg/ml tooth mousse. SEM images of those bacteria that managed to form biofilm in the presence of 5 mg/ml tooth mousse, showed alterations in the bacterial morphology, where the streptococci appear 25–30% shorter on the average than the control bacteria. Conclusion Our data show that the tooth mousse containing CPP-ACP reduces biofilm formation of the cariogenic bacterium S. mutans without killing the bacteria. The use of natural substances which inhibit biofilm development without killing the bacteria, has therapeutic benefits, especially in orthodontic pediatric patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate prevents biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

et al. 2021

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“…Observing the effects of fluoridated toothpaste and mouthwash in the mouth is very complex in in vivo conditions. The main function of fluoride in oral care is to react with hydroxyapatite to form fluorapatite to enhance enamel’s acid resistance [ 48 , 49 ]. Considering that the dynamic competition of fluoride absorption by hard and soft tissue is unclear, these effects should also be investigated in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Prospective Assessment of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Fluoride Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Buccal Mucosal Cells

et al. 2022

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Background: Fluorides are an essential component of oral hygiene products used to prevent dental decay. Therefore, a question arises about the potential harms of joint use of fluoridated toothpaste and mouthwashes regarding the increased amount of fluoride in the oral mucosa. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted using a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt assay). Forty-one participants were randomly assigned to the two groups. All participants used the same kinds of toothpaste for 12 weeks, designed explicitly for this study (non-fluoride, 1050 ppm F, and 1450 ppm F each for 4 weeks). Simultaneously, during the 3 months of the research, one group used mouthwash with fluoride (450 ppm) and another without fluoride. The buccal mucosal sampling was taken before using the tested products and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of their use. Results: The frequency of micronuclei and the majority of other scored endpoints from the BMCyt assay showed no statistically significant differences within and between the studied groups. Comparing two groups, only statistically significant increases in the number of cells with nuclear buds (p = 0.048) and karyorrhexis (p = 0.020) at four weeks of usage were observed in the group that used mouthwash with fluoride. Conclusion: On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that simultaneous application of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoride mouthwash does not lead to cytogenetic damage in buccal mucosal cells.

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“…Bactérias que se alimentam de açúcares, presentes no biofilme dentário, geram ácido lático como produto final de seu metabolismo. Com o aumento da quantidade de ácido lático, ocorre a queda do pH bucal, que pode atingir níveis entre 4,5 e 5,5, portanto favorecendo a preponderância da desmineralização no processo Des-Re (Simmer et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mecanismo De Ação Do Flúor E Seu Papel Na Prevenção De Cáriesunclassified

Uso de flúor como prevenção e tratamento para a cárie: revisão de literatura

Silva¹,

Cunha²,

Araújo³

2022

RSD

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso do flúor como prevenção e tratamento da cárie. Para isso, foi empreendida uma busca no banco de dados científicos PubMed utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: cárie dentária (dental carie), flúor (fluoride), prevenção (prevention), tratamento (treatment) e toxicidade (toxicity). Os critérios de inclusão abrangeram: (1) estudos clínicos ou revisões de literatura; (2) publicados entre 2000 e 2022; (3) em idioma português ou inglês; (4) com texto completo disponível. Os critérios de exclusão foram: artigos publicados fora do período de tempo, metodologia, ou idiomas selecionados, bem como artigos com o texto completo indisponível. Ao todo foram selecionados 31 artigos para compor a presente pesquisa. De acordo com os resultados, o uso do flúor na prevenção da cárie se baseia na capacidade desse elemento em restaurar o equilíbrio do processo de desmineralização e remineralização do esmalte dentário. Trata-se de uma alternativa versátil, presente em políticas de saúde pública e que pode ser acessada em diversas formas, tanto em casa como no consultório. Concluiu-se que o uso do flúor é uma alternativa importante para a prevenção da cárie dentária, sendo considerado um método seguro que produz resultados significativos na redução da prevalência desta patologia.

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How fluoride protects dental enamel from demineralization

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate prevents biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate prevents biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

Clinical Prospective Assessment of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Fluoride Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Buccal Mucosal Cells

Uso de flúor como prevenção e tratamento para a cárie: revisão de literatura

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