How Foliar Fungal Diseases Affect Nitrogen Dynamics, Milling, and End-Use Quality of Wheat

Simón, Marı́a Rosa; Fleitas, María Constanza; Castro, Ana Carolina; Schierenbeck, Matías

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.569401

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(285 reference statements)

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“…Both N and P are vital for plant growth, and are taken up from the soil in inorganic forms, mostly via symbiotic microorganisms [ 31 , 32 ]. Despite previous reports on the positive relationship between N and P and the abundance of plant pathogenic fungi and/or disease severity in grasslands and agricultural systems [ 33 , 34 ], we did not find significant differences in the relative abundance of plant pathogens among cultivars, despite the pronounced differences in N and P content. It is important to note that plant N nutrition status could have contrasting effects on the development and severity of diseases, depending on the plant genotype, environment, and the strategy of the pathogen [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Exploring Relationships among Grapevine Chemical and Physiological Parameters and Leaf and Berry Mycobiome Composition

Molnár

Geiger

Leal

et al. 2022

Plants

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Improving our knowledge on biotic and abiotic factors that influence the composition of the grapevine mycobiome is of great agricultural significance, due to potential effects on plant health, productivity, and wine characteristics. Here, we assessed the influence of scion cultivar on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in the berries and leaves of three different cultivars. We generated DNA metabarcoding data, and statistically compared the richness, relative abundance, and composition of several functional groups of fungi among cultivars, which are partly explained by measured differences in chemical composition of leaves and berries and physiological traits of leaves. Fungal communities in leaves and berries show contrasting patterns among cultivars. The richness and relative abundance of fungal functional groups statistically differ among berry and leaf samples, but less so among cultivars. Community composition of the dominant functional groups of fungi, i.e., plant pathogens in leaves and saprotrophs in berries, differs significantly among cultivars. We also detect cultivar-level differences in the macro- and microelement content of the leaves, and in acidity and sugar concentration of berries. Our findings suggest that there appears to be a relatively diverse set of fungi that make up the grapevine mycobiome at the sampled terroir that spans several cultivars, and that both berry and leaf mycobiomes are likely influenced by the chemical characteristics of berries and leaves, e.g., pH and the availability of nutrients and simple carbohydrates. Finally, the correlation between fungal community composition and physiological variables in leaves is noteworthy, and merits further research to explore causality. Our findings offer novel insights into the microbial dynamics of grapevine considering plant chemistry and physiology, with implications for viticulture.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Exploring Relationships among Grapevine Chemical and Physiological Parameters and Leaf and Berry Mycobiome Composition

Molnár

Geiger

Leal

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…As foliar fungal pathogens compete for nutrients with plants, the level of infection and types of fungicide used can affect the partitioning of carbohydrates, nitrogen, and micronutrients towards the grains [79][80][81]. Here, the application of fungicide (metconazole) efficiently reduced disease pressure, resulting in increased yield and GPC while simultaneously diluting the mineral elements in the grains when compared with untreated plants.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of foliar fungicide on yield, micronutrients, and cadmium in grains from historical and modern hard winter wheat genotypes

et al. 2021

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Plant breeding and disease management practices have increased the grain yield of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adapted to the Great Plains of the United States during the last century. However, the effect of genetic gains for seed yield and the application of fungicide on the micronutrient and cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grains is still unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of fungicide application on the productivity and nutritional quality of wheat cultivars representing 80 years of plant breeding efforts. Field experiments were conducted over two crop years (2017 and 2018) with eighteen hard winter wheat genotypes released between 1933 and 2013 in the presence or absence of fungicide application. For each growing season, the treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with the fungicide levels (treated and untreated) as the whole plot treatments and the genotypes as split-plot treatments in triplicate. The effects on seed yield, grain protein concentration (GPC), micronutrients, phytic acid, and Cd in grains were measured. While the yield of wheat was found to increase at annualized rates of 26.5 and 13.0 kg ha-1 yr-1 in the presence and absence of fungicide (P < 0.001), respectively, GPC (-190 and -180 mg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.001), Fe (-35.0 and -44.0 μg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.05), and Zn (-68.0 and -57.0 μg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.01) significantly decreased during the period studied. In contrast to the other mineral elements, grain Cd significantly increased over time (0.4 μg kg-1 yr-1, P < 0.01) in the absence of fungicide. The results from this study are of great concern, as many mineral elements essential for human nutrition have decreased over time while the toxic heavy metal, Cd, has increased, indicating modern wheats are becoming a better vector of dietary Cd.

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“…On the opposite side are plants deficient in N due to (i) N shortage, and/or (ii) late stage of development. Plants deficient in N are attacked by necrotrophs, for example Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (tan spot) [35,36]. Wheat, in its life cycle, and during the growing season undergoes various nutritional states, which makes it constantly susceptible to pathogens [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients and Fungicides on the Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat

Szczepaniak

Nowicki²,

Bełka³

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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The increase in the grain density (GD) is the key factor for effectively controlling Nitrogen-Use Efficiency (NUE) in winter wheat. Winter-wheat protection with fungicides and/or foliar fertilization with micronutrients during the critical stages of yield formation affects the grain yield by increasing GD. This hypothesis was verified in a two-factor field experiment, carried out in the 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016 growing seasons. A field experiment in a two-factor split-plot design, included three systems of wheat foliar protection (FP): (i) N + Mi (N + macronutrients), (ii) N + P (N + fungicides), (iii) N + Mi + P, and 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 kg N ha−1. The grain yield, despite the significant effect of years, depended on the interaction of FP and N doses. The maximum yield of 8.1, 10.7, 11.1 t ha−1 for the optimal N dose of 79.8, 227.4, and 245.2 kg ha−1, was achieved, respectively, for N + Mi, N + N, N + Mi + P. The wheat-grain yield depended significantly on GD (R2 = 0.98, p ≤ 0.001). Wheat protected with fungicides increased GD gradually with the N dose, reaching over 3000 grains per m2 when fertilized with 200 kg N ha−1. The lack of fungicide protection, reducing GD, consequently resulted in a greater accumulation of N in straw at the expense of grain. Fungicide protection of wheat through the positive effect on N management by wheat should be considered as an agronomic measure that supports N-Use Efficiency.

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How Foliar Fungal Diseases Affect Nitrogen Dynamics, Milling, and End-Use Quality of Wheat

Cited by 35 publications

References 176 publications

Exploring Relationships among Grapevine Chemical and Physiological Parameters and Leaf and Berry Mycobiome Composition

Exploring Relationships among Grapevine Chemical and Physiological Parameters and Leaf and Berry Mycobiome Composition

Effects of foliar fungicide on yield, micronutrients, and cadmium in grains from historical and modern hard winter wheat genotypes

Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients and Fungicides on the Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat

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