How Frequent Are Superior Genotypes in Plant Breeding Populations?

Simmonds, N. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1989.tb00680.x

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Normality is indicated by a line of unit slope with little scatter about the line . Ten data sets (most treated by Simmonds, 1989) are summarised in Figure 3 . The picture that emerges is of a high degree of normality of family means, encouraging the belief that, so long as this high tail is near enough to or (rarely) exceeds standards, family selection should be effective .…”

Section: Normalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The picture that emerges is of a high degree of normality of family means, encouraging the belief that, so long as this high tail is near enough to or (rarely) exceeds standards, family selection should be effective . (Simmonds, 1989). They are all phenotypic CVs but family means will normally be well estimated so genetic values will have been somewhat, but probably only a little, smaller.…”

Section: Normalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family selection in plant breeding

Simmonds¹

1996

Euphytica

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Plant breeding programmes rarely take explicit practical account of the two sources of genetic variance, namely between and within full-sib families, even though existence of these two sources of variation has long been recognised . This paper refers to inbred and clonal crops, not to outbred, seed-propagated species . Theory suggests that the two variances should be of similar size, sometimes very similar. Good comparisons have never been made because variance within families is laborious to estimate . It is proposed that sets of families be assayed as to means in formal trials and only the best few, judged against standards as having potential for superior segregates, should be exploited thoroughly. The calculation as to approximate equality of genetic variances between and within families is important . The vast majority of families should probably be discarded without further ado, and at considerable economy. Sensible decision-making requires an economic component in order to exploit the trade-off between the cost of the initial trial and families discarded without further cost . The object of this paper is a critical review of practical principles, not a general review of a large and diffuse literature .

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Section: Normalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Normalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Family selection in plant breeding

Simmonds¹

1996

Euphytica

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“…That this metabolic expenditure entails a concomitant decrease in growth and/or reproductive output is hardly surprising. Compensation of costly expenditure is well known in agriculture, where breeders have successfully overcome costs associated with novel resistance traits (Legg et al, 1965;Chaplin and Mann, 1978;Simmonds, 1989;Krattinger and Keller, 2016) and in molecular plant biosciences, where researchers have uncoupled putative growthresistance trade-offs in the laboratory (Campos et al, 2016). A meta-analysis of the fitness detriment associated with resistance traits in plant populations revealed evidence of a cost of resistance against either herbivores, pathogens, or weeds in only 50% of case studies (Bergelson and Purrington, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms to Mitigate the Trade-Off between Growth and Defense

et al. 2017

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Plants have evolved an array of defenses against pathogens. However, mounting a defense response frequently comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and reproduction, carrying critical implications for natural and agricultural populations. This review focuses on how costs are generated and whether and how they can be mitigated. Most well-characterized growth-defense trade-offs stem from antagonistic crosstalk among hormones rather than an identified metabolic expenditure. A primary way plants mitigate such costs is through restricted expression of resistance; this can be achieved through inducible expression of defense genes or by the concentration of defense to particular times or tissues. Defense pathways can be primed for more effective induction, and primed states can be transmitted to offspring. We examine the resistance () genes as a case study of how the toll of defense can be generated and ameliorated. The fine-scale regulation of genes is critical to alleviate the burden of their expression, and the genomic organization of genes into coregulatory modules reduces costs. Plants can also recruit protection from other species. Exciting new evidence indicates that a plant's genotype influences the microbiome composition, lending credence to the hypothesis that plants shape their microbiome to enhance defense.

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“…Данные 43 работ (33 успешных и 10 неоднозначных) из 67 свидетельствуют об этом. Simmonds (1989) пришел к выводу, что частота появления перспективных генотипов при селекции растений выше, чем обычно принято считать, но основной причиной невысоких показателей успеха является неэффективный отбор. К этому следует добавить, что появление трансгрессии имеет вероятностную природу и удачная рекомбинация может просто не возникнуть в искомой популяции по случайным причинам.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

EFFICIENCY OF SELECTION IN EARLY GENERATIONS OF CROP HYBRIDS FOR HIGH YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS (a review)

Лепехов¹

2018

POABG&B

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How Frequent Are Superior Genotypes in Plant Breeding Populations?

Cited by 11 publications

References 72 publications

Family selection in plant breeding

Family selection in plant breeding

Mechanisms to Mitigate the Trade-Off between Growth and Defense

EFFICIENCY OF SELECTION IN EARLY GENERATIONS OF CROP HYBRIDS FOR HIGH YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS (a review)

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