How Gender, Age and Education Influence the Entrepreneur’s Social Orientation: The Moderating Effect of Economic Development

Marín, Longinos; Nicolás, Catalina; Rubio, Alicia

doi:10.3390/su11174514

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…According to Ciaian and co-authors [59], Portugal in 2007 had one of the lowest leased land rates in EU, under 25% of the used agricultural area (UAA). The positive influence of age and education on entrepreneurship in OF is a central issue, where generational renewal plays a particularly important role for innovation and development [60]. Younger farmers with higher academic and agricultural background have more resources to manage new technologies and deal with the most demanding market competition contexts, creating new development models around the OF concept, based on shared projects with related topics, such as the green and circular economy [61,62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Factors Constraining Organic Farming Expansion in Lis Valley, Portugal

et al. 2020

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Organic farming can play an important role in rural development and food production, by reinforcing the trend toward sustainable agriculture and its purpose of ecosystem conservation. The agribusiness of organic farming is particularly relevant in family farming, given the labor availability and the short marketing circuits. The innovative techniques of organic farming, namely with soil fertility, weed and pest control, opens a wide range of possibilities in its development and extension. The expectation of organic farming profitability in small-scale family farming, supported by known successful examples, were the theme of a field study on Lis Valley Irrigation District to assess the constraints to its expansion in order to outline the procedures for the acquisition of technical knowledge, the adaptation of technologies, the support for the conversion of production models, and the specialized training of farmers for action. Results revealed that the: (i) farmer's land structure, (ii) their mature age, (iii) low education level, and (iv) markets, are the main constrains for organic farming development. Furthermore, other uncertainties were identified, namely: (i) the certification process, (ii) the knowledge of new technologies, especially of crop protection, and (iii) the marketing problems to guaranteeing profitability. This study concludes that organic farming has significant potential for development in the Lis Valley and that the efforts and resources of the various stakeholders, namely the state, need to be harmonized to deliver effective support to farmers to promote organic farming that prioritizes: (i) rural development policies, (ii) supporting land restructuring, (iii) modernization of irrigation, (iv) stimulation of young farmers, (v) conversion and implementation of innovative technologies, (vi) the organization of farmers for better productive efficiency, and (vii) to facilitate market access.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Factors Constraining Organic Farming Expansion in Lis Valley, Portugal

et al. 2020

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“…A recent study on the social orientation of entrepreneurs found that this is stronger in women, in the more educated, and in older people, although the latter required further research (Marín et al, 2019). Although gender is considered to be an important factor in determining attitudes to ethics, a study by Serwinek (1992) failed to detect any strong differences in perception between men and women.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Many studies have also found that demographic factors, such as the gender, age and education of entrepreneurs, influence ethical business management (Dalton & Ortegren, 2011;Marín, Nicolás & Rubio, 2019;Peterson, Rhoads & Vaught, 2001;Serwinek, 1992). It is therefore relevant to study how these and other demographic factors influence the perception and implementation of business ethics and the ethical behaviour of entrepreneurs, business owners and managers.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of the importance of business ethics in SMEs: A comparative study of Czech and Slovak entrepreneurs

Belás

Khan

Maroušek

et al. 2020

Ethics &Amp; Bioethics

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AbstractThis article focuses on the perception of the importance of business ethics among Czech and Slovak entrepreneurs (this includes business owners and managers) within the SME sector. The comparison is based on an analysis of the approach to business ethics according to a set of parameters, namely company size, years in business, and the gender and education of the entrepreneurs. Empirical research was conducted in 2020 on a sample set consisting of 454 respondents in the Czech Republic and 368 respondents in Slovakia. The most important outcome of the research was the finding that business ethics is considered extremely important in both countries. The research results not only revealed that just over 90% of Czech entrepreneurs and 88% of Slovak entrepreneurs within the SME sector agreed that they should take into account the moral and ethical consequences of their decisions, but that the structure of their answers was very similar. Also, of interest were the findings that women were more aware of business ethics than their male counterparts, as were those entrepreneurs who possessed a higher education over those with a secondary education.

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“…Pero no sólo ello, aparte de su trabajo retribuido, también eran trabajadoras dentro del hogar, manteniendo las funciones que se les atribuyen por cuestión de género (Nicolás y Rubio, 2016;Navarro et al, 2018b). Por tanto, eran madres de familia y responsables de la mayoría de las tareas domésticas (Marín et al, 2019). Aunque el resto de los miembros "colaboraba", las tareas del hogar seguían sin repartirse equitativamente.…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

LEADER una política para la dinamización del emprendimiento rural femenino en Murcia

Martínez

Pina

Gutiérrez

et al. 2021

conrec

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La mujer rural ha evolucionado en las últimas décadas, siendo considerada actor fundamental para la dinamización del territorio por las políticas de desarrollo rural. En la literatura (Stough, 2016; Bjärstig y Sandström, 2017; Navarro et al., 2018b), se especula que estas políticas, junto con la actividad alternativa a la agricultura, han fomentado que las mujeres se empoderen al emprender y, con ello, dinamicen el medio rural. Para contribuir al conocimiento de la efectividad de las políticas de desarrollo rural se plantea esta investigación en la que se analizan los casos de 11 emprendedoras beneficiarias de políticas LEADER en Murcia (España) desde hace, al menos, quince años. Los resultados indican que el emprendimiento femenino provocó tanto la dinamización del territorio como el desarrollo profesional de las mujeres rurales. Además, se observó que estas políticas atraen a mujeres con características distintivas y que la política LEADER fue determinante para que decidieran convertirse en emprendedoras.

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How Gender, Age and Education Influence the Entrepreneur’s Social Orientation: The Moderating Effect of Economic Development

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Assessment of Factors Constraining Organic Farming Expansion in Lis Valley, Portugal

Assessment of Factors Constraining Organic Farming Expansion in Lis Valley, Portugal

Perceptions of the importance of business ethics in SMEs: A comparative study of Czech and Slovak entrepreneurs

LEADER una política para la dinamización del emprendimiento rural femenino en Murcia

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