How green alternatives to chemical pesticides are environmentally friendly and more efficient

Abstract

Various soil management strategies that use disinfestation are important in the control of soil‐borne diseases before planting. However, only a few studies pay attention to preventing pathogen reinfestation during host plant cultivation, which is also important for the stable control of soil‐borne diseases. Here we used various pre‐planting management strategies to disinfest a field severely infested with Fusarium oxysporum, and then investigated changes in the potential pathogen and microbial communities during the 11 months of host plant cultivation. The soil microbial numbers, diversity, community structure and composition varied considerably across the soils treated by dazomet fumigation and reductive soil disinfestations (RSDs) using ethanol, bagasse and bean dregs. The Fusarium inoculum decreased to the same degree in the disinfested soils with the various methods. After the cultivation of lisianthus (Eustoma russellianum (Hook.) G. Don), microbial numbers, diversity and community structure tended to be similar and Fusarium increased markedly in these soils. Furthermore, the increase in relative abundance of Fusarium, especially in the RSD‐treated soils amended with bagasse, was significantly less than in the soils amended with non‐plant residues. Further analyses showed that the increases in microbial diversity and relative abundance of Zopfiella and Mycothermus were significantly and negatively correlated with the increase in Fusarium relative abundance. The additional sources of carbon supplied in the disinfested soil positively affected the development of the soil microbiota and prevented Fusarium reinfestation resulting from host plant cultivation, which should be considered for achieving stable disease suppression in the future. Highlights We studied Fusarium reinfestation resulting from host plant cultivation in various soil environments. Plant cultivation led to uniformity in the development of different soil microbiota. Fusarium reinfestation depended strongly on soil environment. Increased microbial diversity and specific microbial groups prevented Fusarium reinfestation.

Autotoxic Ginsenoside Disrupts Soil Fungal Microbiomes by Stimulating Potentially Pathogenic Microbes

“…Collectively, autotoxic ginsenosides are capable of disrupting the equilibrium of soil fungal microbiota, principally through the stimulation of pathogenic taxa and the inhibition of beneficial taxa. It is well recognized that the winner of conflicts between phytopathogens and plant-beneficial microbes determines soil health and plant performance (7,40). Hence, further studies are still needed to investigate the impacts of the ginsenoside-induced fungal microbiota on plant health.…”

Two Distinct Soil Disinfestations Differently Modify the Bacterial Communities in a Tomato Field

“…Regarding the involvement of microbes in pathogen suppression during RSD treatment, specific strains of Clostridia and Bacilli from treated soils could have a disease control effect [30,32]. The families Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiaceae belonging to Clostridia increased during RSD and produced toxic compounds against plant pathogens [68][69][70]. Time-series analysis of soil microbiome and metabolome during RSD demonstrated that composition of Firmicutes abundance continuously changes throughout the treatment period and that population dynamics of Clostridium spp.…”

Detection of Pathogenic and Beneficial Microbes for Roselle Wilt Disease

“…with an inverse proportion to the abundance of Fusarium (Huang et al, 2019), which may serve as a proxy to determine the risk probability of Fusarium diseases. Furthermore, the discovery of abundant Firmicutes in healthy soils (Liu and Zhang, 2021) agrees with our observation of abundant Bacillaceae (belonging to Firmicutes) in healthy soils.…”