How groove in music affects gait

Leow, Li‐Ann; Watson, Sarah L.; Prete, David; Waclawik, Kristina; Grahn, Jessica A.

doi:10.1007/s00221-021-06083-y

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another line of research that motivates the present study addresses sensorimotor synchronization and rhythmic entrainment. With respect to functional relevance, the experience of groove in music is associated with better synchronization and effortless coordination of movements due to optimal sensorimotor coupling (Merker et al, 2009;Janata et al, 2012;Leow et al, 2014Leow et al, , 2021Fitch, 2016;Witek et al, 2017). Furthermore, interpersonal synchrony during joint musical activities has become a topic of intense interest because of its positive effects on cooperation, prosocial behavior, and interpersonal affiliation.…”

Section: Sensorimotor Synchronization Rhythmic Entrainment and Emotio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Janata et al (2012) studied groove as a sensorimotor phenomenon, and found that high groove music yielded more accurate movement synchrony in a tapping task, as well as inducing a greater amount of spontaneous movement, such as foot tapping (see also Witek et al, 2014). Furthermore, Leow et al (2014Leow et al ( , 2021 highlighted implications of audio-motor coupling for gait rehabilitation in clinical settings by showing that high-groove music elicited longer and faster steps than low-groove music in healthy adults (see also Hove and Keller, 2015). Trost et al (2017) discussed how rhythmic entrainment contributes to induce (positive) musical emotions by differentiating several levels of possible entrainment mechanisms (on neural, perceptual, autonomic physiological, motor, social, and subjective levels).…”

Section: Neural Correlates Of Varying Degrees Of Synchrony In Samba P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neural Correlates of Listening to Varying Synchrony Between Beats in Samba Percussion and Relations to Feeling the Groove

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Listening to samba percussion often elicits feelings of pleasure and the desire to move with the beat—an experience sometimes referred to as “feeling the groove”- as well as social connectedness. Here we investigated the effects of performance timing in a Brazilian samba percussion ensemble on listeners’ experienced pleasantness and the desire to move/dance in a behavioral experiment, as well as on neural processing as assessed via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants listened to different excerpts of samba percussion produced by multiple instruments that either were “in sync”, with no additional asynchrony between instrumental parts other than what is usual in naturalistic recordings, or were presented “out of sync” by delaying the snare drums (by 28, 55, or 83 ms). Results of the behavioral experiment showed increasing pleasantness and desire to move/dance with increasing synchrony between instruments. Analysis of hemodynamic responses revealed stronger bilateral brain activity in the supplementary motor area, the left premotor area, and the left middle frontal gyrus with increasing synchrony between instruments. Listening to “in sync” percussion thus strengthens audio-motor interactions by recruiting motor-related brain areas involved in rhythm processing and beat perception to a higher degree. Such motor related activity may form the basis for “feeling the groove” and the associated desire to move to music. Furthermore, in an exploratory analysis we found that participants who reported stronger emotional responses to samba percussion in everyday life showed higher activity in the subgenual cingulate cortex, an area involved in prosocial emotions, social group identification and social bonding.

show abstract

Section: Sensorimotor Synchronization Rhythmic Entrainment and Emotio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neural Correlates Of Varying Degrees Of Synchrony In Samba P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Listening to Varying Synchrony Between Beats in Samba Percussion and Relations to Feeling the Groove

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In another study, higher groove music produced faster speed with or without instruction to synchronize, and the speed on music was always greater than the speed on metronome at the same tempo (Leow et al 2021). The velocity effect is reported to be stronger during beat synchronized walking when the music is enjoyable, familiar, and/or has higher groove content (Leow et al 2014c(Leow et al , 2015(Leow et al , 2021. The term entrainment as described above is generally reserved for entrainment to synchronize (the human motor coupling process that leads to synchronization).…”

Section: Background -Phase 1 Studymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The stimulating or sedating effect was relative to the speed obtained while walking in synchrony to a metronome (a presumed neutral stimulus) at the same tempo (Leman et al 2013). In another study, higher groove music produced faster speed with or without instruction to synchronize, and the speed on music was always greater than the speed on metronome at the same tempo (Leow et al 2021). The velocity effect is reported to be stronger during beat synchronized walking when the music is enjoyable, familiar, and/or has higher groove content (Leow et al 2014c(Leow et al , 2015(Leow et al , 2021.…”

Section: Background -Phase 1 Studymentioning

confidence: 97%

High Resolution Vigor Response to Music, Metronome, and the Sound of Silence, (Part B) of - Effects of Auditory Stimuli on Beat-Synchronized Long-Distance Walking

Shay¹

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In an initial phase of this study, a participant stepped in instructed synchrony to two types of auditory stimuli: either to the isochronous beat of a metronome - a presumed neutral stimulus or what might be considered a most rudimentary form of music - or to the beat of a broad-spectrum of single genre 4/4-meter music continuously over a 2-mile forested paved loop track. As in the prior companion study (Shay, 2021), improved resolution and attainment of steady state for walking step length and speed were realized by conducting the trials over this long-distance course. In the current study, a further improvement in resolution was realized by using music playlists each at a single BPM tempo, and by conducting the trials at all tempos (1 BPM spacings) in the resonance zone of 110-130 BPM for both auditory stimuli. Like the companion study which was conducted over a wider tempo range of 90-130 BPM with lower resolution playlists and wider tempo spacings, the current study also produced greater step length and speed on music at all 21 tempos examined. The music was more stimulating with an average improvement over metronome of about 7% throughout the tempo range. However, with the improved resolution capability of the current study, several unexpected results were obtained. Most prominent was the observations that mean step lengths and resultant mean speeds were significantly greater at some tempos than others producing spectral peaks and valleys, not just when stepping in synchrony to the music, but also when stepping in synchrony to the metronome. Confirming the studies of others, a strong speed peak was observed with music at 120 BPM (2 Hz), a known frequency of human resonance. In the current study, however, a very prominent peak was also observed at 120 BPM when stepping to the metronome. A related surprising observation was that the peaks for both stimuli were evenly spaced at tempo-cadences of 112, 116, 120, 124, and 128 BPM-SPM – all distant harmonics of 4. Additionally, the tempo location of peaks and valleys for music and metronome were similar – they generally mirrored each other. Although metronome beats have previously been assumed to be neutral or lacking in entrainment stimulation, the metronome beats appeared to induce significant vigor at least at some tempos. Based on those findings, a hypothesis was proposed for a second phase of this current study - walking in absence of any auditory or other repetitive stimulus over the same range of tempos should result in vigor response below that of the metronome. With the aid of accurate pedometers, the participant stepped multiple laps over the same 2-mile course at a variety of self-paced or micro-cued cadences without any auditory or other stimulus. The results provide compelling evidence in support of the hypothesis. The resulting speed-cadence regression curve produced without stimulus was parallel to and below the regression curves of music and metronome. The beat of the metronome does appear to be vigor entraining by some mechanism, and without an auditory stimulus, a reduced vigor response is obtained over the same tempo range that appears to have no structure as suggested by the absence of peaks at 120 BPM and other harmonic 4 tempos.The mechanism by which the metronome seemingly imparts vigor is unknown. Although metronome lacks the musical elements of groove, it is speculated that metronome vigor may be due to beat salience alone which is considered higher than that of most music. Another possibility is that conscious or unconscious mental rhythms are developed during walking while listening to the metronome over long distance providing metrical stimulation. These concepts and others will be examined in a subsequent investigation and companion paper, Part C. The 4 BPM spacing of peaks in the auditory speed spectra are compelling since they appear in both the metronome and music speed-cadence spectra. It is speculated that this phenomenon may be due to harmonics within the human motor system that are more responsive (more efficient for vigor entrainment or biomechanics) at those frequencies with prominence possibly centered around 120 BPM. Further investigations by others into the findings of this study are encouraged to better understand vigor entrainment of the human motor system and potential for advances in exercise performance and the gait rehabilitation of human movement disorders.

show abstract

“…Listening to a beats and rhythms related to groove, without accompanying physical movement, engages auditory (Snyder and Large, 2005;Fujioka et al, 2009), prefrontal (Fukuie et al, 2022)and sensorimotor brain regions (Grahn and Brett, 2007;Rowe, 2009, 2013;Fujioka et al, 2012). Additionally, listening to beats and rhythms can encourage kinetic movement by providing a temporal anchor to synchronize our bodies to the music (Iyer, 2002;Leman, 2012;Leow et al, 2021) and with one another (Kokal et al, 2011;Cirelli et al, 2014;Stupacher et al, 2017bStupacher et al, , 2017a. Performing synchronized movements can lead to arousal (Bowling et al, 2019), activation of reward networks (Menon and Levitin, 2005;Kokal et al, 2011;Zatorre, 2015;Matthews et al, 2020), and the release of feel-good neurotransmitters such as endorphins and oxytocin (Tarr et al, 2014(Tarr et al, , 2015Josef et al, 2019), likely contributing to the overall enjoyable experience of being "in the groove" (Madison, 2006;De Bruyn et al, 2009;Janata et al, 2012).…”

Section: N R E V I E Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements of Musical and Dance Sophistication Predict Musical Groove Perception

O'Connell¹,

Nave-Blodgett²,

Wilson³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Listening to groovy music is an enjoyable experience and a common human behavior in some cultures. Specifically, many listeners agree that high-groove songs are more familiar and likable than low-groove songs. While the pleasurable and dance-inducing effects of musical groove is clearly omnipresent, we know less about how subjective feelings towards music, individual musical or dance experiences, or more objective musical perception abilities are correlated with the way we experience groove. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate how musical and dance sophistication relates to musical groove perception. One-hundred and twenty-four participants completed an online study during which they rated 20 songs, considered high or low groove, and completed the Goldsmith Musical Sophistication Index, the Goldsmith Dance Sophistication Index, the Beat and Meter Sensitivity Task, and a modified short version of the Profile for Music Perception Skills. Our results reveal that perceptual abilities, musical training, and body awareness predicted the difference in groove rating between high- and low-groove music. Overall, these findings support the notion that listeners’ individual experiences and predispositions may shape their perception of musical groove, although other causal directions are also possible. This research helps elucidate the correlates and possible causes of musical groove perception in a wide range of listeners.

show abstract

How groove in music affects gait

Cited by 17 publications

References 66 publications

Neural Correlates of Listening to Varying Synchrony Between Beats in Samba Percussion and Relations to Feeling the Groove

Neural Correlates of Listening to Varying Synchrony Between Beats in Samba Percussion and Relations to Feeling the Groove

High Resolution Vigor Response to Music, Metronome, and the Sound of Silence, (Part B) of - Effects of Auditory Stimuli on Beat-Synchronized Long-Distance Walking

Elements of Musical and Dance Sophistication Predict Musical Groove Perception

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About