“…Under enhanced supervision, the managers are more likely to behave with alignment to the interests of the owners, which in turn positively influences firm performance (Gottschalg & Zollo, ; J. Wang, Guthrie, & Xiao, ). More importantly, interest alignments among owners in tourism firms help to reduce uncertainty in a changing market because such alignments lead to cohesion, collaboration, and effective managerial decisions (Hodari et al, ; Ku, Wu, & Lin, ; C. M. Yeh, ). Therefore, it is more likely that tourism firms with controlling owners with high cash flows will survive in a changing market.…”