How I treat brain metastases of melanoma

Eroglu, Zeynep; Topcu, Turkan Ozturk; Yu, Hsiang-Hsuan Michael; Margolin, Kim

doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100598

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Regarding the risk factors identified in previous studies for the incidence of metastases in the CNS, the following have been reported: males, primary lesion in the head or neck, high Breslow index, high serum DHL level, and ulceration of the primary lesion. 14 , 15 , 16 Contrary, we reported the location with the most significant association with metastases was in the right foot and right leg for lesions in the brain and the eye for metastatic lesions to the spine. Similarly, we did not find ulceration presented any risk in the linear regression analysis but a corresponding histopathological result with nodular melanoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Demographics aspects of brain and spine metastatic melanoma. Retrospective analysis in a single third-level center

Vega-Moreno,

Kuramitsu,

Kaoru

et al. 2024

World Neurosurgery: X

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Demographics aspects of brain and spine metastatic melanoma. Retrospective analysis in a single third-level center

Vega-Moreno,

Kuramitsu,

Kaoru

et al. 2024

World Neurosurgery: X

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“…Risk factors associated with the development of brain metastasis in melanoma include male sex, high serum lactate dehydrogenase level, high Breslow thickness of primary melanomas, head, or neck as the site of primary disease, and visceral or nodal involvement [ 99 ]. The therapeutic options to treat melanoma brain metastases are limited due the presence of the BBB that restricts entry of therapeutic molecules into the brain, as well as the presence of drug efflux pumps [ 100 ]. At the molecular level, melanoma cells spread to the brain via hematological dissemination where the extravasation of tumor cells through the BBB represents a critical step in the metastatic cascade.…”

Section: Extravasation Of Tumor Cells Through the Blood–brain Barrier...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Extravasation in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer, Melanoma, and Lung Cancer

Alsabbagh

Ahmed

Alqudah

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Brain metastasis is an incurable end-stage of systemic cancer associated with poor prognosis, and its incidence is increasing. Brain metastasis occurs through a multi-step cascade where cancer cells spread from the primary tumor site to the brain. The extravasation of tumor cells through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical step in brain metastasis. During extravasation, circulating cancer cells roll along the brain endothelium (BE), adhere to it, then induce alterations in the endothelial barrier to transmigrate through the BBB and enter the brain. Rolling and adhesion are generally mediated by selectins and adhesion molecules induced by inflammatory mediators, while alterations in the endothelial barrier are mediated by proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase, and the transmigration step mediated by factors, including chemokines. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating extravasation are not yet fully understood. A better understanding of these mechanisms is essential as it may serve as the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of brain metastases. In this review, we summarize the molecular events that occur during the extravasation of cancer cells through the blood–brain barrier in three types of cancer most likely to develop brain metastasis: breast cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer. Common molecular mechanisms driving extravasation in these different tumors are discussed.

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“…Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) and leptomeningeal metastasis (LMM) represent two manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis in melanoma. MBM is common in advanced melanoma, causing over 50% of patient deaths with a median survival period of approximately 4 months 2 . Untreated patients with brain metastasis often experience rapid disease progression and death within 3 months, with approximately 54% of melanoma‐related deaths attributed to brain metastasis 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MBM is common in advanced melanoma, causing over 50% of patient deaths with a median survival period of approximately 4 months. 2 Untreated patients with brain metastasis often experience rapid disease progression and death within 3 months, with approximately 54% of melanoma‐related deaths attributed to brain metastasis. 3 LMM patients face rapid disease progression, with an average survival period of only 8–10 weeks, primarily due to neurological complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration analysis of single‐cell transcriptome reveals specific monocyte subsets associated with melanoma brain and leptomeningeal metastasis

Liu,

Liu

2024

Skin Research and Technology

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BackgroundMelanoma central nervous system (CNS) metastasis remains a leading cause of patient mortality, and the underlying pathological mechanism has not been fully elucidated, leading to a lack of effective therapeutic strategies.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we conducted an integrated analysis of single‐cell transcriptomic data related to melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) and leptomeningeal metastasis (LMM). We focused on differences of subset composition and molecular expression of monocytes in blood, primary tumor, brain metastases, and leptomeningeal metastases.ResultsSignificant differences were observed among monocytes in blood, primary tumor, and different CNS metastatic tissues, particularly in terms of subset differentiation and gene expression patterns. Subsequent analysis revealed the upregulation of cell proportions of six monocyte subsets in brain metastasis and leptomeningeal metastasis. Based on differential gene analysis, four of these subsets exhibited increased expression of factors promoting tumor migration and survival, including AREG+ monocytes (AREG, EREG, THBS1), FABP5+ monocytes (SPP1, CCL2, CTSL), and CXCL3+ monocytes (CXCL3, IL8, IL1B). The proportions of TPSB2+ monocytes (IL32, CCL5) were notably elevated in melanoma leptomeningeal metastasis tissues. Pathway analysis indicated the activation of signaling pathways such as NOD‐like receptors, NFκB, and Toll‐like receptors in these metastasis‐related subsets.ConclusionOur findings elucidate that AREG+, FABP5+ and CXCL3+ monocytes are associated with brain metastasis and TPSB2+ monocytes are associated with leptomeningeal metastasis in melanoma, which may be contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies focusing on monocytes or cytokines for melanoma CNS metastasis.

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How I treat brain metastases of melanoma

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Demographics aspects of brain and spine metastatic melanoma. Retrospective analysis in a single third-level center

Demographics aspects of brain and spine metastatic melanoma. Retrospective analysis in a single third-level center

Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Extravasation in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer, Melanoma, and Lung Cancer

Integration analysis of single‐cell transcriptome reveals specific monocyte subsets associated with melanoma brain and leptomeningeal metastasis

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