How late can you update gaze-contingent multiresolutional displays without detection?

Loschky, Lester C.; Wolverton, Gary S.

doi:10.1145/1314303.1314310

Cited by 65 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The total temporal delay of these processes is difficult to measure but may be sufficiently approached by a worst-case estimate if events are synchronized and their individual duration is known. Work on gaze-contingent paradigms suggests that observers do not become aware of display changes when delays up to 12-16 ms (Inhoff, Starr, Liu, & Wang, 1998;Loschky & McConkie, 2000), 20-30 ms (McConkie & Loschky, 2002), or even 60 ms (Loschky & Wolverton, 2007) in gaze-contingent multiresolutional displays are considered. However, this does not sufficiently answer the critical question of whether the simulated scotoma effectively disrupts foveal processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A behavioral task for the validation of a gaze-contingent simulated scotoma

2013

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Gaze-contingent displays provide a valuable method in visual research for controlling visual input and investigating its visual and cognitive processing. Although the body of research using gaze-contingent retinal stabilization techniques has grown considerably during the last decade, only few studies have been concerned with the reliability of the specific real-time simulations applied. Using a Landolt ring discrimination task, we present a behavioral validation of gaze-contingent central scotoma simulation in healthy observers. Importantly, behavioral testing is necessary to show whether the simulation impairs foveal processing of visual information. This test becomes even more crucial when researchers are faced with null results in a task performed with the scotoma, as compared with a control condition. It must be ruled out that the lack of behavioral effects results from a type II error caused by improper implementation before conclusions about foveal contributions to the given task may be drawn. In our experiment, the scotoma effectively prevented foveal processing of the visual stimuli, leading to significantly reduced response accuracies, as compared with unimpaired vision.Moreover, the final fixation at the time of the participants' responses was placed close to the target position in the unimpaired condition, whereas the distance to the target was enhanced with the scotoma, indicating that the observers were not able to discriminate visual target stimuli from distractors, due to the scotoma. The present work presents a validated behavioral testing method for the efficiency of gaze-contingent scotoma simulations, including code for implementation. In addition, solutions for common methodological problems are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A behavioral task for the validation of a gaze-contingent simulated scotoma

2013

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“…The visual signal takes about 75 ms alone to reach the brain areas related to motor control. Therefore, the preferable latency in a gaze-contingent system (the time between the onset of the eye movement and the stimulus drawn on the screen) should not exceed that value (Leigh & Zee, 1999;Loschky & Wolverton, 2007). This requirement is normally a major challenge for gaze-contingent systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turner (1984) varied update delays between 130 and 280 ms to find that path following and target identification performance falls as update delays rise (Turner, 1984). For gaze-contingent multiresolution displays, it was found that update delays of 80 ms increase the speed of image detection in a major way (Loschky and Wolverton, 2007). Loschky and McConkie showed in an experiment that 5 ms is a no-delay baseline, 60-80 ms being the upper limit (Loschky & McConkie, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ScreenMasker: An Open-source Gaze-contingent Screen Masking Environment

Orlov

Bednarik

2015

Behav Res

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The moving-window paradigm, based on gazecontingent technic, traditionally used in a studies of the visual perceptual span. There is a strong demand for new environments that could be employed by non-technical researchers. We have developed an easy-to-use tool with a graphical user interface (GUI) allowing both execution and control of visual gaze-contingency studies. This work describes ScreenMasker, an environment that allows create gaze-contingent textured displays used together with stimuli presentation software. ScreenMasker has an architecture that meets the requirements of low-latency real-time eyemovement experiments. It also provides a variety of settings and functions. Effective rendering times and performance are ensured by means of GPU processing under CUDA technology. Performance tests show ScreenMasker's latency to be 67-74 ms on a typical office computer, and high-end 144-Hz screen latencies of about 25-28 ms. ScreenMasker is an open-source system distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License and is available at https://github. com/PaulOrlov/ScreenMasker.

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“…One of the key questions in ROI video encoding research is the issue of perceptual disruptions, and [16] considered the issue of continued perceptual disruptions in ROI video encoding -specifically examining perceptually acceptable update delays in multi-resolution displays. This research suggests that encoding video using ROIs, although useable, could introduce considerable perceptual distraction that can interrupt normal attentive processes.…”

Section: B Region Of Interest-based Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Region of Interest-Based Adaptive Multimedia Streaming Scheme

Muntean

Ghinea²,

Sheehan³

2008

IEEE Trans. on Broadcast.

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Abstract-Adaptive multimedia streaming aims at adjusting the transmitted content based on the available bandwidth such as losses that often severely affect the end-user perceived quality are minimised and consequently the transmission quality increases. Current solutions affect equally the whole viewing area of the multimedia frames, despite research showing that there are regions on which the viewers are more interested in than on others. This paper presents a novel region of interest-based adaptive scheme (ROIAS) for multimedia streaming that when performing transmission-related quality adjustments, selectively affects the quality of those regions of the image the viewers are the least interested in. As the quality of the regions the viewers are the most interested in will not change (or will involve little change), the proposed scheme provides higher overall end-user perceived quality than any of the existing adaptive solutions.Index Terms-multimedia streaming, content adaptation, user perceived quality, region of interest. I. INTRODUCTIONsustained growth in the number of broadband connections to residential users and business premises is expected, as part of a trend towards all-IP networks [1]. They provide a low cost, high bandwidth infrastructure that enables the distribution of rich content services, many of them multimedia-based such as digital and interactive video and audio -including video on demand and voice over IP. The success of this trend relies heavily on the users' quality of experience and on the price they have to pay. In order to reduce this price, the network operators strive to ensure a high utilisation of their infrastructure and simultaneously serve many customers. However, this reduces the quality of their services and is at odds with the operators' wish to deliver high quality streamed multimedia to their customers. Therefore there is a need for a solution to stream multimedia data -with its high bandwidth and stringent timing requirements -such that it accommodates these constraints. A typical architecture for multimedia streaming over IP networks is presented in Figure 1.Adaptive solutions [2] were proposed for streaming G.-M. Muntean is with the

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How late can you update gaze-contingent multiresolutional displays without detection?

Cited by 65 publications

References 29 publications

A behavioral task for the validation of a gaze-contingent simulated scotoma

A behavioral task for the validation of a gaze-contingent simulated scotoma

ScreenMasker: An Open-source Gaze-contingent Screen Masking Environment

Region of Interest-Based Adaptive Multimedia Streaming Scheme

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