How long does Coronavirus survive on different surfaces?

Hammett, Emma

doi:10.1038/s41407-020-0313-1

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Currently, there are inconsistent data on the survivability of SARS-CoV-2 on different surface types [ 9 ]. However, existing evidence indicates that the virus can survive on plastic, stainless steel and countertops for up to three to four days [ 10 , 11 ], persists on copper and copper alloys for up to four hours [ 10 , 12 ], up to two days on glass and up to 24 hours on cardboard [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality, Uganda

et al. 2021

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Background Despite the development and enforcement of preventive guidelines by governments, COVID-19 continues to spread across nations, causing unprecedented economic losses and mortality. Public places remain hotspots for COVID-19 transmission due to large numbers of people present; however preventive measures are poorly enforced. Supermarkets are among the high-risk establishments due to the high interactions involved, which makes compliance with the COVID-19 preventive guidelines of paramount importance. However, until now, there has been limited evidence on compliance with the set COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Therefore, this study aimed to measure compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among selected supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality in September 2020. A total of 229 supermarkets (195 in Kampala City and 34 in Mukono Municipality) were randomly selected for the study. Data were collected through structured observations on the status of compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, and entered using the KoboCollect software, which was preinstalled on mobile devices (smart phones and tablets). Descriptive statistics were generated to measure compliance to the set COVID-19 Ministry of Health prevention guidelines using Stata 14 software. Results Only 16.6% (38/229) of the supermarkets complied with the COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines. In line with the specific measures, almost all supermarkets 95.2% (218/229) had hand washing facilities placed at strategic points such as the entrance, and 59.8% (137/229) of the supermarkets surveyed regularly disinfected commonly touched surfaces. Only 40.6% and 30.6% of the supermarkets enforced mandatory hand washing and use of face masks respectively for all customers accessing the premises. Slightly more than half, 52.4% (120/229) of the supermarkets had someone or a team in charge of enforcing compliance to COVID-19 measures and more than half, 55.5% (127/229) of the supermarkets had not provided their staff with job-specific training/mentorship on infection prevention and control for COVID-19. Less than a third, 26.2% (60/229) of the supermarkets had an infrared temperature gun for screening every customer, and only 5.7% (13/229) of the supermarkets captured details of clients accessing the supermarket as a measure to ease follow-up. Conclusion This study revealed low compliance with COVID-19 guidelines, which required mandatory preventive measures such as face masking, regular disinfection, social distancing, and hand hygiene. This study suggests the need for health authorities to strengthen enforcement of these guidelines, and to sensitise the supermarket managers on COVID-19 in order to increase the uptake of the different measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality, Uganda

et al. 2021

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“…Studies suggest that COVID-19 survives on surfaces as well as in the air [1]. Some reports pointed out that it could survive for several days [2]. Third, the domestic savings will serve as a good financial buffer, and higher saving percentages of GDP should lead to lower spreading rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Economic Factors and Policy Interventions on the COVID-19 Pandemic

Kapri

2021

Sustainability

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This paper studies how policy interventions and economic factors affect COVID-19 infections and deaths, using generalized linear regression (GLM) models. We seek to explain the containment differences by countries’ inherent economic factors, especially the labor market structure, utilizing data from multiple sources. The results show that countries heavily relying on the service sector and international trade suffer more from the spreading, possibly due to the fact that COVID-19 is a communicable disease and spreads quickly through physical contact. Further, we find that these countries could benefit more from stringent policies compared to others.

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“…It is known that there are two main routes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2: respiratory droplets and direct contact transmission (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020; Hammett, 2020;Robert Koch Institut, 2020;WHO and UNICEF, 2020). As there were no effective vaccines or drugs for the treatment until the half of 2020, non-pharmaceutical interventions have been adopted with the aim of reducing transmission from person to person, to avoid overloading the health system and reduce the spread of the virus (Ferguson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of infectious waste during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of a Brazilian hospital

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) acquired pandemic status in March 2020. The new virus has caused serious implications in the healthcare services management, including several sectors, among them the generation of waste. Healthcare wastes (HCW) generation increased along pandemic representing a health problem due to potentially infected ones. From this perspective, the study sought to analyse the challenges and changes imposed by COVID-19 in the HCW management in a large public hospital from Brazil. For this purpose, data about the Contingency Plan prepared by the hospital and HCW generation from 2017 to 2020 were used, analysed by statistical methods. When dealing with the Contingency Plan, the Brazilian hospital adopted measures similar to other hospitals around the world as described by the literature, such as: adoption of new protocols, specific team assigned to manage actions and training of professionals and suspension of elective surgeries. Regarding the generation of HCW, there was a significant increase in the mass of biological waste with a high risk of infection. The waste of this group increased from March 2020, coinciding with the start of care for the patients infected by COVID-19. The contribution of this type of waste to total generation jumped from approximately 0.2% in previous years to almost 5% in 2020. In addition, a reduction in the average of total waste generated in kilogrammes per bed per day from 2017 to 2019 was indicated compared to the 2020. COVID-19 pandemic led to major challenges for hospitals that had to care for patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including new protocols, changing the work shifts and training the teams in the new procedures. The biological waste with a high risk of infectiousness also increased 30 times.

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How long does Coronavirus survive on different surfaces?

Cited by 12 publications

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Extent of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality, Uganda

Extent of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines among supermarkets in Kampala Capital City and Mukono Municipality, Uganda

Impact of Economic Factors and Policy Interventions on the COVID-19 Pandemic

Generation of infectious waste during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of a Brazilian hospital

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