How Media Literacy and Science Media Literacy Predicted the Adoption of Protective Behaviors Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Anti-Vaccine Attitudes among Adults in the U.S. during the COVID-19 Pandemic after Vaccine Rollout

“…From global literature, it is evident that greater knowledge of COVID-19 is associated with a greater likelihood of adopting preventative measures [27,[69][70][71]. Our findings are consistent with the current literature that suggests that health literacy and risk perception contribute to health behavior adoption [27,[69][70][71].…”

Sociopolitical and psychological correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States during summer 2021

“…Confidence in Science , as in the General Social Survey ( gss.norc.org ), is measured as level of agreement with the statement: “I have confidence in the scientific community”. Previous findings suggest that these variables should have a negative relationship with vaccine hesitancy ( Austin et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Vaccination gaps between predominantly Republican and predominantly Democratic states ( Kates et al, 2021 ) have also led to the conclusion that right-wing political orientations ( El-Mohandes et al, 2021 ; Latkin et al, 2021 ), fueled by anti-mitigation rhetoric employed by right-wing media and opinion leaders ( Germani and Biller-Andorno, 2021 ; Romer and Jamieson, 2021 ; Stecula and Pickup, 2021 ) suppress vaccination rates. In this same vein, deficits in education, trust in the scientific community, and science literacy have also received attention ( Austin et al, 2021 ; Liu and Li, 2021 ). Researchers have also found that psychological factors, such as dark triad personality traits, were associated with vaccine hesitancy ( Hughes and Machan, 2021 ); such findings suggested the need for further research about the link between hesitancy and psychological factors.…”

Self-Efficacy, Proxy Efficacy, Media Literacy, and Official Media Use in COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Moderated Mediation Model

“…This used existing scales ( Austin et al, 2012 , 2021 ) and uses questions including “I can protect myself from coronavirus,” “I know how to protect myself from coronavirus,” “I know what to do if I have symptoms of coronavirus,” and “I know how not to protect others if I have coronavirus” (1 = very unlikely, 6 = very likely) to measure the self-efficacy of the respondents in the face of coronavirus ( M = 4.7851, SD = 0.8709, α = 0.839).…”