How Metabolomics Provides Novel Insights on Celiac Disease and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Review

Vacca, Mirco; Porrelli, Annalisa; Calabrese, Francesco Maria; Lippolis, Tamara; Iacobellis, Ilaria; Celano, Giuseppe; Pinto, Daniela; Russo, Francesco; Giannelli, Gianluigi; Angelis, Maria De

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.859467

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Probably due to malabsorption, people on a GFD also reported mineral deficiencies [46][47] and, noteworthy, it these remain unchanged even adhering to GFD [48] . Based on these considerations, recent advances in nutrition suggested a regular intake of pseudo-cereals to fill this gap [49] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic characterization of selected probiotic consortia during gluten and wheat bread simulated digestion

Vacca,

Celano,

Nikoloudaki

et al. 2024

Food Science and Human Wellness

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While exerting their metabolic activities in the gastrointestinal milieu, probiotics impact the host well-being by boosting immunity, treating metabolic disorders, and modulating microbiota and metabolome. Due to the high incidence of gluten-based disorders, the present work aims to deeply explore the metabolism of two selected microbial consortia (MCs) during gluten digestion under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Featured by high protease and peptidase activity, both MCs accounted for different lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus strains that were combined with two commercial protease enzymes. Gluten substrates were used as purified extracts, white and whole wheat breads. Control samples, instead, relied onto the microbial enzyme lack. Twenty-four hours of simulated digestion were sufficient to completely hydrolyze gluten in one of the two MC-containing experimental sets, and the relative 48 h-digested extract did not alter the cytokine expression in duodenal biopsies from celiac disease (CeD) patients. When digested samples were assayed for antioxidant and phytase activities, microbial enzymes demonstrated to significantly improve both ABTS and DPPH values and to decrease the phytic acid concentration. The inspection of the free amino acid profiles allowed for distinguishing the two MCs, whereas the detection of a heterogeneous panel of volatile organic compounds supported the presence/activity of microbial enzymes without statistically significant differences between MCs. As functional contribution, digested extracts with MCs also proved to reduce the inflammatory cytokine concentrations in cell lines exposed to lipopolysaccharide trigger. Therefore, in line with studies exploring novel adjuvant therapies, the present innovative probiotic consortium featured by high gluten-hydrolyzing metabolism also showed the capability to improve various parameters usually found to be altered in patients affected by gluten-based disorders or CeD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic characterization of selected probiotic consortia during gluten and wheat bread simulated digestion

Vacca,

Celano,

Nikoloudaki

et al. 2024

Food Science and Human Wellness

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“…The purpose of this study was to modify a traditional food product consumed daily worldwide to support patients with GrDs and those with proven CeD. We recently revised the literature in the field of CeD-related metabolomics, also ascertaining the differences affected by daily gluten intake or deprivation [ 9 ]. The mentioned study revealed that markers of oxidative stress were frequently altered in CeD patients at diagnosis, and this scenario did not return to healthy ranges despite adhering to GFD [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this assumption, previous studies investigated the GFD effect on gut microbiota and observed how it negatively affected the gut microbial communities of both GrD patients [ 7 ] and healthy subjects [ 8 ]. In a recent study [ 9 ], we discussed how the GFD was not sufficient to reverse the CeD pathophysiological status featured by elevated nitric oxide metabolites in serum [ 10 ] and urine [ 11 ]. In fact, considering the high oxidative stress status as a CeD biomarker [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], it seemed not to be exclusively related to the CeD diagnosis because it was found almost unchanged during the disease follow-ups despite the GFD [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluten-Free Bread Enriched with Artichoke Leaf Extract In Vitro Exerted Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

et al. 2023

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Due to its high nutritional value and broad beneficial effects, the artichoke plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) is an excellent healthy food candidate. Additionally, the artichoke by-products are usually discarded even though they still contain a huge concentration of dietary fibers, phenolic acids, and other micronutrients. The present work aimed to characterize a laboratory-made gluten-free bread (B) using rice flour supplemented with a powdered extract from artichoke leaves (AEs). The AE, accounting for the 5% of titratable chlorogenic acid, was added to the experimental gluten-free bread. Accounting for different combinations, four different bread batches were prepared. To evaluate the differences, a gluten-free type-II sourdough (tII-SD) was added in two doughs (SB and SB-AE), while the related controls (YB and YB-AE) did not contain the tII-SD. Profiling the digested bread samples, SB showed the lowest glycemic index, while SB-AE showed the highest antioxidant properties. The digested samples were also fermented in fecal batches containing viable cells from fecal microbiota samples obtained from healthy donors. Based on plate counts, no clear tendencies emerged concerning the analyzed microbial patterns; by contrast, when profiling volatile organic compounds, significant differences were observed in SB-AE, exhibiting the highest scores of hydrocinnamic and cyclohexanecarboxylic acids. The fecal fermented supernatants were recovered and assayed for healthy properties on human keratinocyte cell lines against oxidative stress and for effectiveness in modulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Caco-2 cells. While the first assay emphasized the contribution of AE to protect against stressor agents, the latter enlightened how the combination of SB with AE decreased the cellular TNF-α and IL1-β expression. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests that the combination of AE with sourdough biotechnology could be a promising tool to increase the nutritional and healthy features of gluten-free bread.

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“…Celiac disease (CD), a common heritable chronic inflammatory condition affecting the small intestine caused by a persistent intolerance to gluten/gliadin (prolamin), is characterized by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Inflammatory and Gastrointestinal Diseases And Artichokementioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Therapeutic Potential of Cynara scolymus in Health Benefits

Porro,

Benameur,

Cianciulli

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Dietary supplements enriched with bioactive compounds represent a promising approach to influence physiological processes and enhance longevity and overall health. Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus serves as a functional food supplement with a high concentration of bioactive compounds, which offers various health-promoting benefits. Several chronic diseases have metabolic, genetic, or inflammatory origins, which are frequently interconnected. Pharmacological treatments, although effective, often result in undesirable side effects. In this context, preventive approaches are gaining increased attention. Recent literature indicates that the consumption of bioactive compounds in the diet can positively influence the organism’s biological functions. Polyphenols, well-known for their health benefits, are widely recognized as valuable compounds in preventing/combating various pathologies related to lifestyle, metabolism, and aging. The C. scolymus belonging to the Asteraceae family, is widely used in the food and herbal medicine fields for its beneficial properties. Although the inflorescences (capitula) of the artichoke are used for food and culinary purposes, preparations based on artichoke leaves can be used as an active ingredient in herbal medicines. Cynara scolymus shows potential benefits in different domains. Its nutritional value and health benefits make it a promising candidate for improving overall well-being. C. scolymus exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, liver-protective, bile-expelling, antimicrobial, and lipid-lowering neuroprotective properties. Different studies demonstrate that oxidative stress is the leading cause of the onset and progression of major human health disorders such as cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and cancer diseases. The large amount of polyphenol found in C. scolymus has an antioxidant activity, enabling it to neutralize free radicals, preventing cellular damage. This reduces the subsequent risk of developing conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, these polyphenols demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity, which is closely associated with their antioxidant properties. As a result, C. scolymus has the potential to contribute to the treatment of chronic diseases, including intestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative pathologies. The current review discussed the nutritional profiles, potential benefits, and pharmacological effects of C. scolymus.

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How Metabolomics Provides Novel Insights on Celiac Disease and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Review

Cited by 14 publications

References 93 publications

Metabolic characterization of selected probiotic consortia during gluten and wheat bread simulated digestion

Metabolic characterization of selected probiotic consortia during gluten and wheat bread simulated digestion

Gluten-Free Bread Enriched with Artichoke Leaf Extract In Vitro Exerted Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Functional and Therapeutic Potential of Cynara scolymus in Health Benefits

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