“…Other approaches that have been used include those by Fiordelisi et al (2018), who use 10-K reports to quantify the competing values framework of Cameron et al (2006), and by Bellstam, Bhagat & Cookson (2021), who use analyst reports to quantify innovativeness via a latent Dirchlet allocation (LDA) method. Additional research using NLP techniques to quantify culture focus on a single element, such as trust (Loughran & McDonald 2016), flexibility (Au, Dong & Tremblay 2021a), gender (Adams, Akyolc & Grosjeand 2021), sexual harassment (Au, Dong & Tremblay 2021b), risk-taking (Garcia, Harithsa & Owusu 2021), and workers' access to interesting projects (Tambe, Ye & Cappelli 2020).…”