How much of the variation in mortality across Norwegian municipalities is explained by the socio-demographic characteristics of the population?

Kravdal, Øystein; Alvær, Kari; Bævre, Kåre; Kinge, Jonas Minet; Meisfjord, Jørgen; Steingrímsdóttir, Ólöf Anna; Strand, Bjørn Heine

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.02.013

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, may protection against COVID-19 infection associated with high education not be the same for highly educated persons often socialising with persons with low education as among highly educated persons mostly socialising with others with a similar level of education. Thus, group-level socioeconomic position may be an important indicator complementing information about individual-level socioeconomic position [ 29 ]. When data on individual-level socioeconomic position are available, we aim to assess further the importance of such factors for the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 among several groups of immigrants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 among immigrants in Norway: a register-based study

Kjøllesdal

Skyrud

Gele

et al. 2021

Scand J Public Health

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Aim: Immigrants in Norway have higher COVID-19 notification and hospitalisation rates than Norwegian-born individuals. The knowledge about the role of socioeconomic factors to explain these differences is limited. We investigate the relationship between socioeconomic indicators at group level and epidemiological data for all notified cases of COVID-19 and related hospitalisations among the 23 largest immigrant groups in Norway. Methods: We used data on all notified COVID-19 cases in Norway up to 15 November 2020, and associated hospitalisations, from the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases and the emergency preparedness register at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. We report notified COVID-19 cases and associated hospitalisation rates per 100,000 and their correlation to income, education, unemployment, crowded housing and years of residency at the group level. Results: Crowded housing and low income at a group level were correlated with rates of both notified cases of COVID-19 (Pearson`s correlation coefficient 0.77 and 0.52) and related hospitalisations (0.72, 0.50). In addition, low educational level and unemployment were correlated with a high number of notified cases. Conclusions: Immigrant groups living in disadvantaged socioeconomic positions are important to target with preventive measures for COVID-19. This must include targeted interventions for low-income families living in overcrowded households.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The correlation between socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 among immigrants in Norway: a register-based study

Kjøllesdal

Skyrud

Gele

et al. 2021

Scand J Public Health

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“…In addition, it could be explained by the built environment (not entirely determined by the socioeconomic resources) like the availability of parks and bike lanes. Finally, it could be explained by the unchangeable physical environment ( Kravdal et al, 2015 ), latitude and distance from the sea (affecting e.g. local food traditions) being examples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can socioeconomic factors explain geographic variation in overweight in Norway?

Kinge

Steingrímsdóttir

Strand

et al. 2016

SSM - Population Health

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We explore if the geographic variation in excess body-mass in Norway can be explained by socioeconomic status, as this has consequences for public policy. The analysis was based on individual height and weight for 198,311 Norwegian youth in 2011, 2012 and 2013, stemming from a compulsory screening for military service, which covers the whole population aged seventeen. These data were merged with municipality-level socioeconomic status (SES) variables and we estimated both ecological models and two-level models with a random term at the municipality level. Overweight was negatively associated with income, education and occupation at municipality level. Furthermore, the municipality-level variance in overweight was reduced by 57% in females and 40% in males, when SES factors were taken into account. This suggests that successful interventions aimed at reducing socioeconomic variation in overweight will also contribute to reducing the geographic variation in overweight, especially in females.

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“…In addition, neighborhood deprivation had a stronger effect on mortality in areas that were densely populated compared to less densely populated areas . Population density could thus not only have a direct association to cancer mortality, but might also be a mediating factor in the association between neighborhood deprivation and cancer mortality . Population density refers to the spatial concentration of inhabitants and represents a theoretically different concept from neighborhood deprivation, which represents the distribution of socioeconomic resources .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic position, population density and site‐specific cancer mortality: A multilevel analysis of Belgian adults, 2001–2011

Hagedoorn

Vandenheede

Vanthomme

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Our study explores the association between individual and neighborhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and all-cancer and site-specific cancer mortality. Data on all Belgian residents are retrieved from a population-based dataset constructed from the 2001 census linked to register data on emigration and mortality for [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011]. The study population contains all men and women aged 40 years or older during follow-up. Individual SEP is measured using education, employment status and housing conditions. Neighborhood SEP is measured by a deprivation index (in quintiles). Directly age-standardized mortality rates and multilevel Poisson models are used to estimate the association between individual SEP and neighborhood deprivation and mortality from all-cancer and cancer of the lung, colon and rectum, pancreas, prostate and female breast. The potential confounding role of population density is assessed using multilevel models as well. Our findings show an increase in mortality from all-cancer and site-specific cancer by decreasing level of individual SEP for both men and women. In addition, individuals living in highly deprived neighborhoods experience significantly higher mortality from all-cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and female colorectal cancer after controlling for individual SEP. Male colorectal and prostate cancer and female breast cancer are not associated with neighborhood deprivation. Population density acts as a confounder for female lung cancer only. Our study indicates that deprivation at both the individual and neighborhood level is associated with all-cancer mortality and mortality from several cancer sites. More research into the role of life-style related and clinical factors is necessary to gain more insight into causal pathway.

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How much of the variation in mortality across Norwegian municipalities is explained by the socio-demographic characteristics of the population?

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

The correlation between socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 among immigrants in Norway: a register-based study

The correlation between socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 among immigrants in Norway: a register-based study

Can socioeconomic factors explain geographic variation in overweight in Norway?

Socioeconomic position, population density and site‐specific cancer mortality: A multilevel analysis of Belgian adults, 2001–2011

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