How Much Presence is Enough? Qualitative Scales for Interpreting the Igroup Presence Questionnaire Score

Melo, Miguel; Gonçalves, Guilherme; Vasconcelos-Raposo, José; Bessa, Maximino

doi:10.1109/access.2023.3254892

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…As demonstrated in the figures and table, the participants found PublicVR to create a high level of presence. Specifically, each IPQ subscale in our study achieved an average score of more than 1.5 (corresponding to more than 4.5 in a 1-7 Likert scale) which is described as having "very good presence" compared to other studies exploring VR experiences with the IPQ score (Melo et al 2023). Participants found PublicVR to create a real feeling of being there, which is also confirmed by their comments in the follow-up interviews.…”

Section: Ipq Results and Analysissupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Whilst there is considerable work into strengthening external factors associated with public speaking, specifically verbal and vocal variables, early work by Mehrabian (1981) resulted in the "7-38-55" rule, which indicates that only 7% of all communication is done through verbal communication, whilst the non-verbal components, such as the tone of our voice and our body language, make up 38% and 55% respectively. For a public speaking performance to be deemed as successful, it's important that both verbal and non-verbal components are balanced and in alignment (Španjol-Marković 2008;Mehrabian 1981), however, further research discussed that non-verbal communication is often neglected (Pizek Meštrić 2016). This therefore calls for an efficient solution to support the improvement of non-verbal communication.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Public Speakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PublicVR: a virtual reality exposure therapy intervention for adults with speech anxiety

Spyridonis,

Daylamani-Zad,

Nightingale

2024

Virtual Reality

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Speech anxiety, or Glossophobia, currently affects approximately 75% of the population with potentially severe negative effects on those with this condition. There are several treatments currently available with research showing that the use of Virtual Reality (VR) as a non-pharmacologic treatment can have positive effects on individuals suffering from such social phobias. However, there is a significant lack of treatments currently available for speech anxiety, even though such a large number of the population are affected by it. In this paper, we aim to contribute to efforts to improve the effects of speech anxiety through a VR intervention. Our VR solution was designed following the Exposure Therapy approach for treating social anxiety disorders. The evaluation of this work was twofold: A. to assess the ability of our solution to positively change participants’ perception of factors related to non-verbal communication contributing to anxiety toward public speaking, and B. to determine whether it is able to induce a sense of presence. We carried out an empirical evaluation study that measured participants’ self-reported anxiety level towards public speaking using the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety and their perceived sense of presence using the iGroup Presence Questionnaire. Our results demonstrate the potential of VR Exposure Therapy solutions to assist towards positively changing perception of factors related to non-verbal communication skills that contribute to increasing public speaking anxiety for participants suffering from self-reported speech anxiety symptoms. Our findings are of wider importance as they contribute to ongoing efforts to improve social anxiety-related phobias.

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Section: Ipq Results and Analysissupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Factors Affecting Public Speakingmentioning

confidence: 99%

PublicVR: a virtual reality exposure therapy intervention for adults with speech anxiety

Spyridonis,

Daylamani-Zad,

Nightingale

2024

Virtual Reality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Higher presence experience has been demonstrated to increase the transfer of learning from training to clinical performance [ 22 , 26 ]. A mean IPQ score of 6 by the participants in our study would correspond to an “Excellent Presence” compared to other studies exploring VR experiences with the IPQ score [ 27 ]. Using a 360-degree high-resolution camera, using live actors, and talking to the participant in second person may have contributed to a high degree of presence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Using Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays to Assess Skills in Emergency Medicine: Validity Study

Knudsen¹,

Breindahl²,

Dalsgaard³

et al. 2023

J Med Internet Res

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Background Many junior doctors must prepare to manage acutely ill patients in the emergency department. The setting is often stressful, and urgent treatment decisions are needed. Overlooking symptoms and making wrong choices may lead to substantial patient morbidity or death, and it is essential to ensure that junior doctors are competent. Virtual reality (VR) software can provide standardized and unbiased assessment, but solid validity evidence is necessary before implementation. Objective This study aimed to gather validity evidence for using 360-degree VR videos with integrated multiple-choice questions (MCQs) to assess emergency medicine skills. Methods Five full-scale emergency medicine scenarios were recorded with a 360-degree video camera, and MCQs were integrated into the scenarios to be played in a head-mounted display. We invited 3 groups of medical students with different experience levels to participate: first- to third-year medical students (novice group), last-year medical students without emergency medicine training (intermediate group), and last-year medical students with completed emergency medicine training (experienced group). Each participant’s total test score was calculated based on the number of correct MCQ answers (maximum score of 28), and the groups’ mean scores were compared. The participants rated their experienced presence in emergency scenarios using the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) and their cognitive workload with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Results We included 61 medical students from December 2020 to December 2021. The experienced group had significantly higher mean scores than the intermediate group (23 vs 20; P=.04), and the intermediate group had significantly higher scores than the novice group (20 vs 14; P<.001). The contrasting groups’ standard-setting method established a pass-or-fail score of 19 points (68% of the maximum possible score of 28). Interscenario reliability was high, with a Cronbach α of 0.82. The participants experienced the VR scenarios with a high degree of presence with an IPQ score of 5.83 (on a scale from 1-7), and the task was shown to be mentally demanding with a NASA-TLX score of 13.30 (on a scale from 1-21). Conclusions This study provides validity evidence to support using 360-degree VR scenarios to assess emergency medicine skills. The students evaluated the VR experience as mentally demanding with a high degree of presence, suggesting that VR is a promising new technology for emergency medicine skills assessment.

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“…As shown in Fig. 4 , the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) results showed an acceptable general and spatial presence with the virtual environment regarding to [ 34 ]. Results were similar for the 3 circuits, with lower scores for experienced realism and involvement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this stage, and for this study, the proposed simulator does not incorporate virtual pedestrians to interact with. Such a feature would eventually increase the realism of our simulator, with an impact on the sense of presence as it adds realness to the virtual content [ 34 ]. The sense of presence generally depends also on the type of display, the orientation of the visual field and the visualization of the user avatar.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of power wheelchair driving performance in simulator compared to driving in real-life situations: the SIMADAPT (simulator ADAPT) project—a pilot study

Fraudet,

Leblong,

Piette

et al. 2024

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate users’ driving performances with a Power Wheelchair (PWC) driving simulator in comparison to the same driving task in real conditions with a standard power wheelchair. Methods Three driving circuits of progressive difficulty levels (C1, C2, C3) that were elaborated to assess the driving performances with PWC in indoor situations, were used in this study. These circuits have been modeled in a 3D Virtual Environment to replicate the three driving task scenarios in Virtual Reality (VR). Users were asked to complete the three circuits with respect to two testing conditions during three successive sessions, i.e. in VR and on a real circuit (R). During each session, users completed the two conditions. Driving performances were evaluated using the number of collisions and time to complete the circuit. In addition, driving ability by Wheelchair Skill Test (WST) and mental load were assessed in both conditions. Cybersickness, user satisfaction and sense of presence were measured in VR. The conditions R and VR were randomized. Results Thirty-one participants with neurological disorders and expert wheelchair drivers were included in the study. The driving performances between VR and R conditions were statistically different for the C3 circuit but were not statistically different for the two easiest circuits C1 and C2. The results of the WST was not statistically different in C1, C2 and C3. The mental load was higher in VR than in R condition. The general sense of presence was reported as acceptable (mean value of 4.6 out of 6) for all the participants, and the cybersickness was reported as acceptable (SSQ mean value of 4.25 on the three circuits in VR condition). Conclusion Driving performances were statistically different in the most complicated circuit C3 with an increased number of collisions in VR, but were not statistically different for the two easiest circuits C1 and C2 in R and VR conditions. In addition, there were no significant adverse effects such as cybersickness. The results show the value of the simulator for driving training applications. Still, the mental load was higher in VR than in R condition, thus mitigating the potential for use with people with cognitive disorders. Further studies should be conducted to assess the quality of skill transfer for novice drivers from the simulator to the real world. Trial registration Ethical approval n$$^\circ$$ ∘ 2019-A001306-51 from Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Mediterranée IV. Trial registered the 19/11/2019 on ClinicalTrials.gov in ID: NCT04171973.

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How Much Presence is Enough? Qualitative Scales for Interpreting the Igroup Presence Questionnaire Score

Cited by 27 publications

References 60 publications

PublicVR: a virtual reality exposure therapy intervention for adults with speech anxiety

PublicVR: a virtual reality exposure therapy intervention for adults with speech anxiety

Using Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays to Assess Skills in Emergency Medicine: Validity Study

Evaluation of power wheelchair driving performance in simulator compared to driving in real-life situations: the SIMADAPT (simulator ADAPT) project—a pilot study

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