How much visual road information is needed to drive safely and comfortably?

Waard, Dick de; Steyvers, Frank; Brookhuis, Karel

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2003.09.002

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Studies by Wood and Troutbeck (1995) and Wood (2002) have shown how important visual impairment is in driving for older drivers. There are some studies that have shown the importance of visual guidance for driving, mainly with regard to lane control and speed (McKnight et al, 1998;de Waard et al, 2004). Effects of visual road safety engineering treatments were shown by Jamson et al (2010).…”

Section: Visibility Of Bicycle Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the visibility of bicycle infrastructure

Fabriek

Waard

Schepers

2012

IJHFE

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Abstract:The visual characteristics of road infrastructure play a major role in a substantial number of single-bicycle crashes. The focus of this research was on finding the most common situations that result in a poorly visible bicycle infrastructure, and investigating how to improve these conditions for vulnerable cyclist populations, specifically the visually impaired and the older cyclist. Three studies were performed, a questionnaire study amongst visually impaired cyclists, focus group discussions with older cyclists, and an experiment on a closed track where participants' vision, in particular their contrast sensitivity, was impaired. The results from the questionnaire study and the focus group discussions revealed that bollards, kerbs, and cycle path markings/shoulders are the most critical visual elements in the road infrastructure. In addition, cycling performance and cyclists' feelings of safety worsened in conditions where the visibility of obstacles and the road's course were the poorest. Visibility can be enhanced by placing red-white bollards, painting kerbs white, by enhancing clearness of the road's shoulder, or by applying high contrast road markings on the side of the cycle path/road.

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Section: Visibility Of Bicycle Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the visibility of bicycle infrastructure

Fabriek

Waard

Schepers

2012

IJHFE

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“…Researchers have shown that vehicle speed increases with the increase in lane and road width [7,8,9,10], and at the same time, the lateral position of the vehicle moves towards the outside of the lane [11]. Horst and Hogema found that drivers on the outside lane drive more towards the inside of the road on a wide road as more space to the wall is available [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lane Width, Lane Position and Edge Shoulder Width on Driving Behavior in Underground Urban Expressways: A Driving Simulator Study

Liu

Wang

2016

IJERPH

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This study tested the effects of lane width, lane position and edge shoulder width on driving behavior for a three-lane underground urban expressway. A driving simulator was used with 24 volunteer test subjects. Five lane widths (2.85, 3.00, 3.25, 3.50, and 3.75 m) and three shoulder widths (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m) were studied. Driving speed, lane deviation and subjective perception of driving behavior were collected as performance measures. The results show that lane and shoulder width have significant effects on driving speed. Average driving speed increases from 60.01 km/h in the narrowest lane to 88.05 km/h in the widest lane. While both narrower lanes and shoulders result in reduced speed and lateral lane deviation, the effect of lane width is greater than that of shoulder width. When the lane and shoulder are narrow, drivers in the left or right lane tend to shy away from the tunnel wall, even encroaching into the neighboring middle lane. As the lane or shoulder gets wider, drivers tend to stay in the middle of the lane. An interesting finding is that although few participants acknowledged that lane position had any great bearing on their driving behaviors, the observed driving speed is statistically higher in the left lane than in the other two lanes when the lane width is narrow (in 2.85, 3 and 3.25 m lanes). These findings provided support for amending the current design specifications of urban underground roads, such as the relationship between design speed and lane width, speed limit, and combination form of lanes.

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“…It is widely recognised that older drivers suffer from age-related impairments to motor, sensory and cognitive abilities. Issues cited in past research include reduced mobility, reduced flexibility, reduced range of motion, slower reaction times [9], reduced visual acuity, prolonged visual accommodation and adaptation times, reduced peripheral vision, increased glare sensitivity [10], reduced ability to deal with high cognitive load driving tasks [29] and greater susceptibility to distraction [7]. Studies on closed roads have suggested that elderly drivers have slower reaction times, less accurate car following pattern and poorer merging behaviour at junctions than young drivers [45].…”

Section: Older Drivers' Functional Impairmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vehicle technology functional requirements for older drivers

Rakotonirainy

Steinhardt

2009

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications

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Older drivers represent the fastest growing segment of the road user population. Cognitive and physiological capabilities diminishes with ages. The design of future in-vehicle interfaces have to take into account older drivers' needs and capabilities. Older drivers have different capabilities which impact on their driving patterns and subsequently on road crash patterns. New in-vehicle technology could improve safety, comfort and maintain elderly people's mobility for longer. Existing research has focused on the ergonomic and Human Machine Interface (HMI) aspects of in-vehicle technology to assist the elderly. However there is a lack of comprehensive research on identifying the most relevant technology and associated functionalities that could improve older drivers' road safety. To identify future research priorities for older drivers, this paper presents: (i) a review of age related functional impairments, (ii) a brief description of some key characteristics of older driver crashes and (iii) a conceptualisation of the most relevant technology interventions based on traffic psychology theory and crash data.

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How much visual road information is needed to drive safely and comfortably?

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Improving the visibility of bicycle infrastructure

Improving the visibility of bicycle infrastructure

Effects of Lane Width, Lane Position and Edge Shoulder Width on Driving Behavior in Underground Urban Expressways: A Driving Simulator Study

In-vehicle technology functional requirements for older drivers

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