How Networking and Social Capital Influence Performance: The Role of Long-Term Ties

Social Network Analysis in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review

“…38 Two studies explored the impact of social networks, including social capital and ethnicity, on achievement in medical school. 49,58 The influence of social support was also examined, 31 as was the process of peer nominations, 40,43 cheating, 41 and student well-being. [32][33][34]53 In addition, SNA was used to explore informal learning outside the classroom, including on social -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Population Medical students, residents, or fellows in medical and surgical specialties Nonmedical students, faculty members/attending physicians - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Type of study Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods Nonprimary publications (reviews, commentaries, opinion pieces, and letters), conference papers without full texts - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Language Any n/a Abbreviations: SNA, social network analysis; n/a, not applicable.…”

“…To examine the relationships among medical trainees, authors used surveys, 3,[32][33][34][37][38][39][40]43,49,53,54,56,58 online platforms such as Moodle 30,[44][45][46][47][48][50][51][52] and X (formerly Twitter), 35 interview data, 31,35,42,55 written examinations, 41 and observation. 57 Most surveys were developed inhouse, 3,33,34,[37][38][39][40]43,49,53,54,56,58 with 1 study 32 adapting a standardized questionnaire, the Self-Regulated Learning at Work Questionnaire, 59 to obtain information about student networks. Three studies used a combination of semistructured interviews and questionnaires 31,42 or tweets 35 to extract relationship data; 1 study relied on interviews to chart social networks.…”

“…For example, Giani et al 36 reported that students' networks spontaneously subdivided into "factions of likeminded students." Other studies suggested that students were more likely to form networks with, or peer nominate, students with similar personal characteristics, such as gender or ethnicity, 37,40,43,49,56,58 academic performance, 49 specialty and program choice, 40 and friendship. 43 One study observed that medical students who cheated were involved in a social network -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Network size Counts the total number of individuals (actors) in the network.…”

“…Networks with high centralization have dominant actors or leaders. n = 14 30,33,34,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]54,57 -…”

“…Out-degree centrality reflects the activity of the actor in the network. n = 15 3,[33][34][35]37,38,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]55,56 -…”