“…As Charles Mathewes cautions, Arendt's thinking contains aspects that “a simplistic voluntarist reading” cannot capture (2000, 399). Indeed, Arendt and Bonhoeffer, respectively, developed political sensitivities that incorporate both continuity and change, as Arendt appealed to agonistic and institutional features of free politics, and Bonhoeffer discerned conceptual differences among the orders of creation and preservation and divine mandates (Markell 2011, 34–37; Villa 2008a, 408; Elshtain 2001, 347; and Mauldin 2019, 582–88). In this respect, neither theocratic legalism nor vulgar voluntarism can provide a full understanding of forgiveness, although these thinkers' specific ways of engaging with the world and establishing reality differ (Arendt 1998, 50; Bonhoeffer 2005, 58).…”